Lesson 1

Question 1

What is the safety pyramid?

Answer 1

Pyramid that goes from least amount of probability of unsafe acts to the top which has the smallest amount of probability of unsafe act, being death

Question 2

What is the accident cost iceberg?

Answer 2

Top of the iceberg is the medicinal compensation costs for individual
Lower of the iceberg is the ledger costs, property damage, uninsured miscellaneous costs
Showing us the top of iceberg is the direct cost while lower of the iceberg is the indirect causes of accident

Question 3

Does occupational health and safety in the workplace have regulatory requirements?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

What jurisdiction is the regulatory requirement for occupational health and safety?

Answer 4

Provincial jurisdiction
Every province has their own occupational health and safety act

Question 5

What happens when your not in the regulatory requirement in the workplace?

Answer 5

Can be charged or fined

Question 6

What is health?

Answer 6

Soundness of body, mind spirit and total well-being of the person

Question 7

What is hygiene?

Answer 7

Principles of maintaining health and the practices of these principles

Question 8

What is safety?

Answer 8

Quality or state of being safe such that a person is free from harm or danger

Question 9

What is occupational hygiene?

Answer 9

Art and science dedicated to anticipation, recognition, evaluation, control of environmental stressors arising in the workplace that can result in injury, illness, impairment or affect the well being of workers and members of the community

Question 10

What is a hazard?

Answer 10

Something that can cause harm if not controlled

Question 11

What is risk?

Answer 11

Combination of probability that a particular outcome will occur and the severity of the harm involved

Question 12

What are the correlations to health/hygiene with safety?

Answer 12

Something not safe, accident occur
Leads to death or injury, and this is short term
If hazardous to health, leads to disease or physiological impairment. Leads to some form of illness/long term
Important to create healthy and safe work environment

Question 13

What are the 6 hazards classification?

Answer 13

Safety
Ergonomic
Chemical agents
Biological agents
Physical agents
Psychosocial

Question 14

Examples of safety hazards?

Answer 14

Moving machinery, working at heights, slippery surfaces

Question 15

Examples of ergonomic safety hazards?

Answer 15

Manual material handling, poor tool design, improper posture

Question 16

Examples of chemicals hazards?

Answer 16

Solvents, metals, gases

Question 17

What are biological hazards?

Answer 17

Bacteria, mould, infectious agents

Question 18

What are physical hazards?

Answer 18

Noise, vibration, radiation

Question 19

What are psychosocial hazards?

Answer 19

Worker morale, stress, violence, harassment

Question 20

What are safety hazards?

Answer 20

Hazards likely to cause injuries
Common in every workplace, should be avoided because they result in considerable amount of lost time-injuries

Question 21

What are ergonomic hazards?

Answer 21

“Human factors”
Workplace conditions posing risk of injury to musculoskeletal system of worker
Matching the job to the worker and product to user
Design workplace for worker, not other way around

Question 22

What are Chemical hazards?

Answer 22

Solid, liquid, gases
State of chemical dictates how and where it will travel, and how it enters the body

Question 23

What are biological hazards?

Answer 23

Usually in agricultural, research labs, hospitals
Microbiological agents
Infectious agents
Cause allergic reactions

Question 24

What are physical hazards?

Answer 24

Source of energy causing injury or disease
Noise is ubiquitous and excessive noise leads to noise-inducing hearing loss
Thermal stress when workplace is hot/cold
Vibration leads to vibration-induced white fingers
Radiation can lead to cancer

Question 25

What are psychosocial hazards?

Answer 25

Affect workers psychological response to workplace, causes form of stress

Question 26

What are exposure risk factors?

Answer 26

Hazard only dangerous if exposed to, have to know the exposure risk factors

Question 27

What are the exposure risk factors?

Answer 27

Nature of hazard Intensity of exposure External factors which may influence hazard Route of entry Effects of exposure

Question 28

What is the nature of hazard?

Answer 28

Degree of toxicity Chemical characteristics- alkaline/acid/neutral Physical characteristics - state of the agent

Question 29

What is the intensity of exposure?

Answer 29

Concentration—> concentrated form can hurt Duration of exposure —> entire work shift, how long Frequency of exposure —> everyday, one day

Question 30

What are external factors that can influence hazards?

Answer 30

Environmental conditions —> hot/cold Control measures present —> being used in handle chemicals How product is used Other hazards present

Question 31

What are synergistic effects?

Answer 31

Two chemicals synergies to make the chemical more potent, heightened impact of affecting

Question 32

What are additive effect?

Answer 32

2 chemicals, the sum of two chemicals

Question 33

What are the three most common routes of exposure?

Answer 33

Inhalation Absorption Ingestion

Question 34

What is inhalation?

Answer 34

Breathing of contaminated air is common way that workplace chemicals enter the body

Question 35

What is absorption?

Answer 35

Skin contact, chemicals, when contaminated can pass through the skin into the blood stream

Question 36

What is ingestion?

Answer 36

Workplace chemicals may be swallowed accidentally if food or cigarettes are contaminated

Question 37

What are the other less common routes for exposure?

Answer 37

Injection and eye contact

Question 38

What is the hazard pathway?

Answer 38

The pathway that we can get expose to hazards, allows us to implement where and what type of control measures we can implement

Question 39

What are the effects of exposure?

Answer 39

Acute effects and chronic effects

Question 40

What are acute effects?

Answer 40

Sudden, severe, typically involves one incident, causes immediate problems Not due to accumulation over time Often associated with safety hazards

Question 41

What are chronic effects?

Answer 41

Continual exposure over time, limited concentrations of toxic substances, progressive accumulation of toxic substances in the body, little or no awareness of affected workers Due to limited continual exposure over time Often associated with occupational hygiene

Question 42

What are control measures?

Answer 42

Implementation of control measures to minimize risk of hazards

Question 43

What are the hierarchy of controls from most effective to least effective?

Answer 43

1. Remove/eliminate the hazard 2. substitute/ replace the hazard 3. Engineering controls/ isolate people from the hazard 4. Administrative controls, change the way people work 5. PPE/ protect worker with personal protective equipment

Question 44

Which hierarchy of controls should you start with?

Answer 44

Engineering controls/ isolate people from hazard