lesson 1 Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
means ‘psyche’ and ‘logos’
A
mind or souland study of
2
Q
scientific study of mind or mental process and behavior
A
Psychology
3
Q
associate fhe way of thinking to a individual’s behavior. what behavior of a man runs in his mind
A
study of behavior
4
Q
includes forms of cognition and ways of thinking
A
mental process
5
Q
Different types of behavior.
A
overt and covert,
rational and irrational,
conscious and unconscious,
voluntary and involuntary; and
simple and complex
6
Q
type of behavior: overt
A
observable behavior and outwardly manifested
7
Q
type of behavior: covert
A
not seen or visible or hidden
8
Q
type of behavior: rational
A
behavior/action done with a action
9
Q
type of behavior: irrational
A
behavior/action that does not have a apparent reason
10
Q
type of behavior: conscious
A
individual is aware of behavior done
11
Q
type of behavior: unconscious
A
individual is not aware of doing so
12
Q
type of behavior: voluntary
A
done with full volition/ will
13
Q
type of behavior: involuntary
A
done without thinking
14
Q
type of behavior: simple and complex
A
based on the number of neurons to process a behavior
15
Q
goals of psychology
A
describe, explain, predict and change
16
Q
goals of psychology: describe
A
based on observations, sign and symptoms
detailed characterization of responses, actions and reactions
17
Q
goals of psychology: explain
A
answers why and understands behavior or characteristics
gathering sufficient details to give reason why behavior exist
18
Q
goals of psychology: predict
A
foretell the behavior by pattern
anticipate triggersto alleviate anxiety and prevent
19
Q
goals of psychology: change
A
modify and improve action, intervention, and treatment
to be able to control, influence and change behavior
20
Q
Human mind is composed of atoms
A
Democritus
21
Q
Plato
A
Soul is distinct and is god given
Soul is the knower, thinker, determiner
22
Q
Soul is distinct to man and it is god-given
Soul is knower, thinker, determiner
A
Plato
23
Q
Plato’s element of soul (intellectual parts)
A
Elements of reason
Spirited element
Element of bodily appetites and desire
24
Q
Plato’s elements of soul: element of reason
A
In the head, highest level of value
25
Plato's elements of soul: spirited element
In the heart, express his emotion
26
Plato's elements of soul: elements of bodily appetites and desire
In the diaphragm
27
Father of psychology
Aristotle
28
First person to put into writing his explanation pertaining to man's behavior
Brain is merely a gland and would perform minor function
Aristotle
29
Aristotle's functions of soul
Vegetative
Appetitive
Rational
30
Aristotle's functions of soul: vegetative
Basic maintenance of life
31
Aristotle's functions of soul: appetitive
Desire and motives
32
Aristotle's functions of soul: rational
Reason that is located in the heart
33
Father of medicine
Hippocrates
34
Relation of temperament to physiological factors
Galen
35
Galen's different temperaments
Sanguine
Phlegmatic
Melancholic
Choleric
36
Yellow bile for cheerfulness
Sanguine
37
Green bile for sluggishness or slow
Phlegmatic
38
Black bile for sadness
Melancholic
39
Red bile for irascibility, quick mannered or irritable
Choleric
40
Introduced the method of introspection
Describe his own conscious process
St. Augustine of Hippo
41
Minnd is a living matter to his idea of immortality
Body dies, soul seperates and become spirits
St. Thomas of Aquinas
42
Rufolf Gockel
coined the term psychology
"Yucologia hoc est de hominis perfectione, anima, ortu"
43
First to proposed that psychology should separate from philosolhy
Psychology should be treated as a natural science
Francis Bacon
44
Idea of dualism
Concept of reflex actio
Rene Decartes
45
Human beings are physical objects and sophisticated machines whose functions and activities can be described and explained in purely mechanistic terms
Thomas Hobbes
46
Concept of tabula rosa, mind is a blank slate/tablet
Gather contents through experience
John Locke
47
Theory of knowledge, idea becomes the only reality
George Berkely
48
Theory of reality
Christian Von Wolf
49
Christian Von Wolf's Theory of Reality: ontology
Treats of possible things
50
Christian Von Wolf's Theory of Reality: metaphysics
Treats of actual things (special subjects: the universe, soul, god)
51
Difference between impressions and ideas
Difference between created images and direct sensations
David Hume
52
Utilized the method of "animal magnetism" in curing hysteria
Later known as "hypnosis"
Used as a form of psychotheraphy, relaxation technique and alternative to anesthesia
Franz Anton Mesmer
53
Mind is not blank
Mind is vapable of acquiring knowledge through sensory experience/ environment
Immanuel Kant
54
Responsible for making psychology as a science
Johann Friedrich Herbart
55
Pioneered areas about the ideas that it is necessary to be simulated in order to be able to gain sensations
Ernst Weber
56
Made the theory of color vision
Eye can only see the basic colors and the other colors that can be seen is a product or mixture of the different colors
Hermann Von Helmholtz
57
Theory of evolution
Man evolved from primitive species
Concept of natural selection
Charles Darwin
58
Law of the connection between mind and the body (october 22, 1850)
Can be found in a statement of quantitative relation between mental sensations and material stimulus
Gustav Fechner
59
Known as Broca's brain
Persons who suffered damage to a specific area of the brain's left hemisphere may lose their ability to speak fluently
Paul Broca
60
Father of behavioral genetics
Introduced the idea of individual differences
Francis Galton
61
First psychological laboratory in 1879 in Leipzig, Germany
Father of modern/scientific psychology
Studied the phenomenon of the consciousness
Willhem Wundt
62
Founder of american psychology
Published a book eith Wundt entitled "principles of psychology"
William James
63
First to formally describe bipolar behavior
Coined the term "manic depressive"
Explains how mania and depression both affect the patient
Father of modern psychiatry
Emil Kraeplin
64
Studied under Willhem Wundt
Develoved the idea of structuralism
Edward Titchener
65
Father of psychoanalysis
Study of unconscious mind
Developed the psychoanalytic process of free association
Sigmund Freud
66
Theory of origins of neurosis
Established analytic psychology
Importance of collective unconscious as the basis to affect behavior
Carl Jung
67
Importance of superiority and inferiority that affects man's existence
Birth order characteristics/personality
Alfred Adler
68
Human have "basic need for love and security"
Humans tend to feel ancious or agitated when alienated/isolated
Karen Horney
69
Major contributions to psychology through the statistical evolution of human behavior
Developed correlational analysis, chi-squared statistic and pearson r
Karl Pearson
70
First systematic psychometritian
Father of classical test theory
Pioneered statistical technique called factor analysis
Charles Spearman
71
Developed the first intelligence quotient (iq) test
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
72
Research on physiology of digestion led to development of the first experimental model of learning "classical conditioning"
Ivan Pavlov
73
Exponent of hormic psychology
Human progress can only be determined in terms of "horme" or "drive"
Human behavior is determined by both instinctive and intentional strivings
William McDougall
74
Father of educstional psychology
Known for his early animal studies
Founding principle of instrumental learnjng, "the law of effect"
Edward Thorndike
75
Contributed the system of operant conditioning
Organisims in the process of "operating" on the environment (means bouncing around it's world, doing what it does)
BF Skinner
76
An organized explanation of a certain phenomena believed by groups of people supporting the principle
Also called school of thought
Schools of Psychology
77
school of psychology
Importance of stucture of the mind
Mind is structured through conscious experiences
Used the method called introspection
William James and William Wundt
Structuralism
78
school of psychology
Importance of "function of the mind"
Importance of functional adjustment of an organism to his environment
Called themselves 'functionalist'
John Dewey, William James, James Rowland Angell and Harvey Carr
Functionalism
79
school of psychology
Believed that observable behavior was the only reliable source of information
Importance of the environment in shaping an individual's behavior
Looked for connections between observable behavior and stimuli form the environment
John B. Watson (jntroduced in 1913)
Behaviorism
80
school of psychology
Means "to configure" or "to form or pattern"
Believed that human beings and other animals percieve the external world as an organized pattern
Max Wertheimer (founded in 1912)
Gestalt
81
school of thoughts
Work of unconscious behavior
Behavior is determined by powerful inner force, most of which are buried in the unconscious mind
Developed as a form of psychotheraphy, theory of personality and theory of development
Sigmund Freud (founded during late 1800s and early 1900s)
Psychoanalysis
82
school of psychology
Use of minf and its behavior
A theoretical perspective that focuses on the realms of human perception, thought and memory
Jean Piaget, learn better when they can invent knowledge through jnquiry and experimentation
Lev Vygotsky, emphasize the tole of social interactions in knowledge
Cognitive Analysis
83
school of psychology
Believe in both free will and the uniqueness of an individual
Meaning of existence
Individual behaviors are not seen as evil or good but neutral, interpreted only by the individual
Brenato and Husserl
Existentialist Psychology
84
school of psychology
Nature of man, importance of being postive and present
Believed that an individual's behavior is primarily determined by his perception of the world arpu d him
Individuals are internally directed and motivated to fulfill their human potential
Abraham Maslow
Humanistic
85
School of Psychology
Structuralism
Funtionalism
Behaviorism
Gestalt
Psychoanysis
Cognitive Analysis
Existentialist Psychology
Humanistic
86
Branch of Psychology
Theoretical and Applied
87
Branch of Psychology: Theoretical DEFINITION
based from proposed explanation or conclusion involves theories, concepts and basic principles
88
Branch of Psychology: Applied DEFINITION
application of concepts, theories and principles
89
Branch of Psychology: Theoretical
Experimental (observations and experiments)
Abnormal (study the cause of behavioral disorders)
Physiological (functions of the different organs and systems of the body relating to behavior)
Dynamic (interpretation of internal drives and motives)
Developmental (growth and development)
Comparative (behavior and mental process of different species)
90
Branch of Psychology: Applied
Educational (psychological principles to the problems of education)
Industrial (business, firms and industries)
Social (study of people's behavior in relation to society)
Counseling (alleviating and preventing mental illness)
Clinical (treatment of mental disorders)
Forensic/Legal (law or legal proceedings)
Psychometric (measurements of behavior and capacities through the psychological test)
91
8 Related Fields of Psychology
Biopsychology
Physiological Psychology
Psychiatry
Psychotheraphy
Psychotropics
Psychosurgery
Social Psychology
Psycholinguistics
92
Related Fields of Psychology: Biopsychology
Application of the principle of biology to the study of mental process and behavior
93
Related Fields of Psychology: Physiological Psychology
Study of nueral mechanisms of perception and behavior through direct manipulation of the beains of nonhuman animal subjects in controlled environment
94
Related Fields of Psychology: Psychiatry
Branch of medicine
Exists to study, prevent and treat mental disorders in human
95
Related Fields of Psychology: Psychotheraphy
Application of specialized psychological methods to the treatment of diagnosed mental disorders
96
Related Fields of Psychology: Psychotropics
Subfield of medicine that deals with the various pharmacological agents
Such as antidepressants, anti anxiety, anti manic, and anti psychotic agents to utilized to effect behavior, mood and feelings
97
Related Fields of Psychology: Psychosurgery
Branch of medicine
Involves the surgical serving and chemical alterations of brain fibers with the purpose to modifying psychological distrubances and other behavior aberrations
98
Related Fields of Psychology: Social Psychology
Merged discipline of sociology and anthropology
99
Related Fields of Psychology: Psycholinguistics
Or psychology of language
Study of psychological and nuerobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use and understand language
100
Mental Health Profesionals
Have their respective licensures
All tries to understand how the brain works, includinv emotions, feelings and thoughts
101
Have their respective licensures
All tries to understand how the brain works, including emotions, feelings a d thoughts
Mental health professionals
102
4 mental health professionals
Psychometrician
Psychologist
Psychiatrist
Counselor
103
4 mental health professionals
Psychometrician
Psychologist
Psychiatrist
Counselor
104
Psychology major graduates who acquire licensure
Incharge of assessment procedures, vital in ensuring effective treatment of mental health problems
Psychometrician
105
Specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness
They hold masters or doctorate level qualifications in psychology
Focus on providing psychotheraphy to help patients
Clinical Psychology
Psychologist
106
Are medical doctors
Diagnose illness, manage treatment, and provide a range of therapies for comples and serious mental illnesss
Prescribe medications
Psychiatrist
107
Has a master's degreein psychology, counseling or a related field
Have training sikilar to clinical psychologist but with emphasis on helping people cope with more normal life problems
Counselors
108
Study of oneself
Introspection
109
Method of examining and interpreting but never infering with the behavior being studied
Naturalistic observation
110
Direct observation and participates with the subject
Participant observation
111
Investigator wants to investigate a larger group within a shorter time
Tools such as questionnaire, inventories, schedules or interviews, opinionaries or attitude scales
Survey
112
Used to study a behavior
Can be brought into the laboratory and studied under controlled behavior
Willhem Wundt first used this method
Experimental Method
113
Method used by psychologists in studying behavior
Search for relationships
Correlational study
