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MCN PREGNANCY RISK PROBLEMS > LESSON 1 > Flashcards

LESSON 1 Flashcards

1
Q

any interruption of a pregnancy before fetus is viable more than 20 to 24 weeks gestation or weighs at least 500 g

A

spontaneous miscarriage

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2
Q

occurs before week 16 of pregnancy

A

spontaneous miscarriage

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3
Q

Medical term of any interruption of a pregnancy before a fetus is viable

A

abortion

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4
Q

Planned medical termination of pregnancy

A

elective abortion

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5
Q

causes of this miscarriage/abortion is:

Abnormal fetal formation
•Teratogenic factors
•Chromosomal aberration
•Rejection of the embryo through immune response

A

elective abortion

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6
Q

Causes of this miscarriage
•Corpus luteum fails to produce enough progesterone

A

spontaneous miscarriage

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7
Q

causes of this miscarriage:
Rubella, syphilis, poliomyelitis, CMV and Toxoplasmosis , UTI

A

spontaneous miscarriage

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8
Q

causes of this miscarriage:
•Implantation abnormalities
•Inadequate endometrial formation or •inappropriate site of implantation •Inadequate implantation inadequate placental circulation and fetal nutrition

A

spontaneous miscarriage

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9
Q

amount of bleeding of threatened miscarriage

A

slight spotting

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10
Q

uterine cramping of threatened miscarriage

A

mild

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11
Q

is there a passage of tissue in threatened miscarriage

A

no

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12
Q

is there cervical dilation in threatened miscarriage

A

no

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13
Q

management in threatened miscarriage

A

bed rest sedation

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14
Q

what to avoid when having threatened miscarriage

A

stress
sexual stimulation
orgasm usually recommended
further treatment depends on the woman’s response to treatment

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15
Q

amount of bleeding in inevitable (imminent) miscarriage

A

moderate

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16
Q

uterine cramping of inevitable (imminent) miscarriage

A

mild to severe

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17
Q

pass-age of tissue of inevitable (imminent) miscarriage

A

No, loss of pro-ducts of con-ception can-not be halted

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18
Q

is there a cervical dilation in inevitable (imminent) miscarriage

A

yes

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19
Q

management of inevitable (imminent) miscarriage

A

sonogram to know if the uterus is empty or the fetus is not viable — D & E
(dilation evacuation)
and then check for post D&E
assess vaginal bleeding

20
Q

Amount of bleeding in incomplete miscarriage

A

heavy / profuse

21
Q

uterine cramping of incomplete miscarriage

A

severe

22
Q

is there a passage of tissue in incomplete miscarriage

A

Yes
Membrane or placenta is retained in the uterus

23
Q

is there a cervical dilation in cervix when having an incomplete miscarriage

A

Yes, with tissue in cervix

24
Q

management in incomplete miscarriage

A

D & C or suction curettage to prevent hemorrhage and infection

25
Q

amount of bleeding in complete miscarriage

A

slight

26
Q

uterine cramping in complete miscarriage

A

mild

27
Q

is there a passage of tissue complete miscarriage

A

yes fetus membranes, placenta

28
Q

is there a cervical dilation

A

yes

29
Q

management for complete miscarriage

A

•No further intervention is needed if uterine contractions are adequate to prevent hemorrhage and there is no infection.
•Suction or curettage to ensure no retained fetal or maternal tissue.
•Bleeding slows down within 2 hours and ceases within a few days after passage of products of conception

30
Q

outcome in missed or (early pregnancy failure)

A
  • fetus dies in the utero but not expelled
  • no increase in fundic height
  • no fetal heart rate
31
Q

is there passage of tissue in early pregnancy failure

A

no apparent loss of pregnancy

32
Q

cervical dilation in early pregnancy failure

A

is there passage of tissue in early pregnancy failure

33
Q

management for early pregnancy failure

A

Sonogram – failure of growth
D & E
If over 14 weeks – induction of labor (misoprostol and oxytocin)
Spontaneous miscarriage within 2 weeks (danger of DIC)

34
Q

defined as a three or more consecutive abortions

A

recurrent miscarriage

35
Q

amount of bleeding in recurrent miscarriage

A

varies

36
Q

uterine cramping in recurrent miscarriage

A

varies

37
Q

is there a passage of tissue in recurrent miscarriage

A

yes

38
Q

is there a cervical dilation in recurrent miscarriage

A

yes usually

39
Q

management for recurrent miscarriage

A

Prophylactic cerclage may be done if premature cervical dilation is the cause.
•Tests :
➢ parental cytogenetic analysis
➢lupus anticoagulant and
➢anticardiolipin antibodies assay.

40
Q

abortion that is complicated by infection

A

septic miscarriage

41
Q

what is a (danger of DIC)

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

42
Q

management of septic miscarriage

A

usually
•Immediate termination of pregnancy
•Cervical culture and sensitivity studies
•broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy (e.g. ampicillin) is started.
•Treatment for septic shock is initiated, if necessary.
•Tetanus toxoid/ tetanus Ig

43
Q

management for hemorrhage

A

Assess amount of bleeding
•Rule of thumb: More than one sanitary pad per hour is excessive
•Monitor vital signs to detect hypovolemic shock
•Massage the uterine fundus to aid contraction
•Dilatation and curettage
•Suction curettage
•Transfusion

44
Q

implantation occurs outside uterine cavity

A

ectopic pregnancy

45
Q

signs and symptoms of ectopic pregnancy

A

Nausea and vomiting
–Positive pregnancy test
–6 to 12 weeks AOG
•rupture of fallopian tube
•Trophoblast cells break
•Tearing and destruction of the blood vessels

MCN PREGNANCY RISK PROBLEMS (1 decks)

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