Lesson 1

Question 1

is the development of the organized pattern of hehaviors and attitudes that makes a pason distinctive.

Answer 1

Personality development

Question 2

occurs by the ongoing interaction of temperament, character, and environment.

Answer 2

Personality development

Question 3

is a systematic and continuous attempt to create and promote key work-related penmality traits within you so that you become an effective and efficiunt university administrative officer.

Answer 3

Personality development

Question 4

is what makes a person a unique person, and it is recognizable soon after birth. A child’s personality lus several components: temperament, environment, and character.

Answer 4

Personality

Question 5

is the set of genetically determined that determine the child’s approach to the world and how the child learns about the world.

Answer 5

Temperament

Question 6

A second component of personality comes from adaptive patterns related to a child’s specific______?

Answer 6

Environment

Question 7

the set of emotional, orgnitive, and behavioral patterns learned from experience that determine how the person think, feels, and behavejutams learned from experience that determines how a person think, feels, and behave.

Answer 7

Character

Question 8

Learning Basic Trust or Mistrust (Hope) Will nurtured and loved, this stage develops trust and security and a basic optimism.

Answer 8

Infancy

Question 9

-The second stage occurs during carly childhood, between about 18 months to two years and three to four years of age. It deals with Learning Autonomy or Shame (Will)

Answer 9

Toddlerhood

Question 10

Well-parented, the child emerges from this stage with sell-confidence, elated with his or her newly frand control. The early part of this stage can also include stonny tantrums, stubbornness, and negativim, depending on the child’s temperament.

Answer 10

Toddlerhood

Question 11

• The third stage occurs during the “play age,” or the later preschool years from about three to entry into formal school. The developing child goes through Learning Initiative or Guilt (Purpose)

Answer 11

Preschool

Question 12

The fourth stage, Learning Industry or Inferiority (Competence), occurs during school age, up to and possilily including junior high school.

Answer 12

School age

Question 13

The child learns to master moru formal skills:

•relating with peers according to rules

•progressing from free play to play that is structured by rules and requires teamwork (team sports)

•learning basic intellectual skills (reading, arithmetic)

Answer 13

School age

Question 14

At this stage, the need for self-discipline increases every year. The child who, because of his or her successful passage through carlier stages, in trusting, autonomous, and full of initiative, will quickly learn to be industrious. However, the mistnating child will doubt the future and will foel inferior.

Answer 14

School age

Question 15

The fifth stage, Leaming Identity or Identity Diffusion (Fidelity), eccurs during adolescence from age 13 or 14. Maturity starts developing during this time; the young person acquires self-certainty as opposed to self-doubt and experiments with different constructive roles rather than adopting a negative identity, such as delinquency.

Answer 15

Adolescence

Question 16

He characterized human behavior in terms of four temperaments, cach associated with a different bodily fluid, or “humor”

Answer 16

Greek physician Hippocrates

Question 17

associated with blood

Answer 17

Sanguine or optimistic type

Question 18

with phlegm(slow and lethargic)

Answer 18

phlegmatic type

Question 19

associated with with black bile

Answer 19

melancholic type

Question 20

with yellow bile

Answer 20

choleric (angry) type

Question 21

was determined by the amount of each of the four humors.

Answer 21

Individual personality

Question 22

remained influential in Western Europe throughout the medieval and Renaissance periods.

Answer 22

Hippocrates system

Question 23

is the element of oversimplification inherent in placing individuals into a single category, which ignores the fact that every personality represents a unique combination of qualities.

Answer 23

A major weakness of Sheldon’s morphological classification system

Question 24

He is well-known traits theorist

Answer 24

Gordon Allport

Question 25

He proposed that each person has about seven central traits that dominate his or her behavior.

Answer 25

Gordon Allport

Question 26

(concerned with the gratification of basic instincts)

Answer 26

The ID

Question 27

(which mediates between the demands of the id and the constraints of society),

Answer 27

The ego

Question 28

(through which parental and social values are internalized).

Answer 28

the superego

Question 29

It emphasizes people's self-perception and their drive for self-actualization as determinants of personality.

Answer 29

phenomonological approach

Question 30

the figure whose name is most closely associated with phenomenological theories of personality, viewed authentic experience of one's self as the basic component ef growth and wellbeing

Answer 30

Carl Rogers

Question 31

(1897) published the results of an experiment on conditioning after originally studying digestion in dogs.

Answer 31

Pavlov

Question 32

(1913) launches the behavioral school of psychology, publishing an article, Psychology as the behaviorist views it.

Answer 32

Watson

Question 33

conditioned an orphan called Albert B (aka Little Albert) to fear a white rat.

Answer 33

Watson and Rayner

Question 34

(1905) formalized the Law of Effect.

Answer 34

Thorndike

Question 35

(1936) wrote The Behavior of Organisms and introduced the concepts of operant conditioning and shaping.

Answer 35

Skinner

Question 36

(1943) Principles of Behavior was published

Answer 36

Clark Hull's

Question 37

(1948) published Walden two, in which he described a utopian society founded upon behaviorist principles

Answer 37

B.F. Skinner

Question 38

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior began in?

Answer 38

1958

Question 39

1959) published his criticism of Skinner's behaviorism, "Review of Verbal Behavior,"

Answer 39

Chomsky

Question 40

publishes a book called the Social Leaning Theory and Personality development which combines both cognitive and behavioral frameworks.

Answer 40

Bandura

Question 41

Psychology as the behaviorist views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior.

Answer 41

Methodological Behaviorism

Question 42

was founded by BF Skinner and agreed with the assumption of nedodological behaviorism that the goal of psychology should be to product and control behavior.

Answer 42

Radical Behaviorism

Question 43

is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristics behaviour and thought" (Allport, 1961, p. 28).

Answer 43

Personality

Question 44

"The characteristics or blend of characteristics that make a person unique"

Answer 44

(Weinberg & Gould, 1999),

Question 45

assumes that each person has a unique psychological structure and that some traits are possessed by only one person, and that there are times when it is impossible to compare one person with others. It tends to use case studies for information gathering.

Answer 45

Idiographic view

Question 46

. This viewpoint sees traits as having the same prychological meaning in everyone.

Answer 46

nomothetic view

Question 47

depends on the interplay of instinct and environment during the first five years of life. Parental behaviour is crucial to normal and abnormal development

Answer 47

Personality development

Question 48

in adulthood can usually be traced back to the first five years.

Answer 48

Personality and mental health problems

Question 49

People-inchading children are basically hedonistic they are driven to seek pleasure by gratifying the ld's desires (Freud, 1920). Sources of pleasure are determined by the location of the libido (life-force)

Answer 49

Psychosexual Development

Question 50

(also known a the psyche),

Answer 50

superego

Question 51

is the primitive and instinctive component of personality

Answer 51

Id

Question 52

It consists of all the inherited (i.e, biological) components of personality, including the sex (life) instinct- Eros (which contains the libido), and aggressive (death) instinct

Answer 52

ID

Question 53

develops in order to mediate between the unrealistic id and the external real world (like a refiree). It is the decision-making component of personality.

Answer 53

ego

Question 54

operates according to the reality principle, working our realistic ways of satisfying the id's demands, often compromising or postponing satisfaction to avoid negative consequences of society.

Answer 54

ego

Question 55

considers social realities and norms, etiquette and rules in deciding how to behave

Answer 55

ego

Question 56

incorporates the values and morala of society which are learned from one's parents and others. It is similar to a coscience, which can punish the ego through causing feelings of guilt.

Answer 56

superego

Question 57

This approach assumes behavior is determined by relatively stable traits which are the fundamental units of one's personality

Answer 57

Trait Approach to Personality

Question 58

proposed a theory of personality based on biological factors, arguing that individuals inherit a type of nervous system that affects their ability to learn and adapt to the environment

Answer 58

Eysenck's Personality Theory

Question 59

are sociable and crave excitement and change, and thus can become bored casily. They tend to be carefree, optimistic and impulsive

Answer 59

Extraverts

Question 60

on the other hand lie at the other end of this scale, being quiet and reserved. They are already over-aroused and shun sensation and stimulation.

Answer 60

Introverts

Question 61

is crucial to normal and abnormal development

Answer 61

Parental behaviour

Question 62

is determined by the reactivity of their sympathetic nervous system. A stable person's uves system will generally be less reactive to stressdial situations, remaining calm and loved headed

Answer 62

Neuroticism

Question 63

lacking in empathy, cruel, a loner, aggressive and troublesome. This has been riclated to high levels of testosterone.

Answer 63

Psychoticism

Question 64

lacking in empathy, cruel, a loner, aggressive and troublesome. This has been riclated to high levels of testosterone.

Answer 64

Psychoticism

Question 65

Cattell (1965) disagreed with Eysenck's view that personality can be understood by looking at only two or three dimensions of behaviour.

Answer 65

Cattelf's 16PF Trait Theory

Question 66

Cattell (1965) disagreed with Eysenck's view that personality can be understood by looking at only two or three dimensions of behaviour.

Answer 66

Cattelf's 16PF Trait Theory

Question 67

emphasizes the uniqueness of the individual and the internal cognitive and motivational processes that influence behaviour. For example, intelligence, temperament, habits, skills, attitudes, and traits.

Answer 67

Allport's Trait Theory

Question 68

proposed that prejudice is the results of an individual's personality type. They piloted and developed a questionnaire, which they called the F-scale (F for fascism).

Answer 68

Authoritarian Personality