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Lesson 1 Flashcards

(107 cards)

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1
Q

Computer is derived from the word __ which means to __

A

Compute - Calculate

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2
Q

Computer was originally defined as

A

Super-fast calculator

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3
Q

The information provided by the user to the computer

A

Data

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4
Q

The information in one form which is presented to the computer

A

Input data

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5
Q

Information in another form is presented by the computer after performing a process on it

A

Output data

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6
Q

Set of instructions given to the computer to perform various operations

A

Computer Program

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7
Q

The process of converting input to output data

A

Data processing

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8
Q

Defined as a fast and accurate data processing system that accepts data, performs various operations on the data, can store data, and produce the results

A

Computer

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9
Q

Functionalities of a Computer

A

Takes data as input
Stores the data/instructions in its memory
Process the data and convert it into useful info
Generate the ouput

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10
Q

Physical parts or components of a computer

A

Hardware

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11
Q

Collection of programs that utilize and enhance the capability of the hardware

A

Software

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12
Q

Software that manages the resources of a computer and schedule its operation

A

Operating system

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13
Q

Software that translates the instructions of different languages are known as

A

Translators

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14
Q

2 types of translators

A

Compiler
Interpreter

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15
Q

checks the entire user-written program (known as the source program) and if it is Error-free, produces a complete program in machine language (known as object
program).

A

Compiler

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16
Q

translates one statement at a time and if the source program contains an error, it will be free
executes until at the end of the execution of the program.

A

Interpreter

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17
Q

This language is in terms of binary codes (0,1).

A

Machine Language

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18
Q

It uses mnemonic codes rather than numeric codes

A

Assembly Language

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19
Q

These are referred to as problem-oriented languages (POL). These are referred to
as third-generation languages.

A

High-level language

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20
Q

convenient for writing programs as they can be written without any codes. These languages follow rules like the English language.

A

High level language

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21
Q

High-level language is also referred to as

A

problem oriented languages

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22
Q

Several High-Level Languages which are in common use

A

FORTRAN: Formula TRANslation
COBOL: Common Business Oriented Language
BASIC: Beginner‘s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
PROLOG: PROgramming in LOGic
ALGOL: ALGOrithmic Language

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23
Q

These are pre-written programs supplied by the manufacturer for maintaining the day-to-day activities of a computer system.

A

Utility Program

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24
Q

designed to help you
monitor and configure settings for your computer system equipment.

A

Utility Software

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25
These are user-written programs to do a specific job that can be changed to meet individual needs
Application Program
26
These packages are developed to suit the needs of research workers /scientists in different fields.
General Purpose Packages
27
The first generation of computers are made of
Vacuum Tubes
28
this allows users to make computations using a system of sliding beads arranged on a rack.
Abacus
29
a French mathematician invented the first mechanical machine, a rectangular brass box, called Pascaline
Blaise Pascal
30
it could perform addition and subtraction on whole numbers.
Pascaline
31
a Frenchman invented the machine that could perform the four basic arithmetic functions of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
Colmar
32
a machine that could perform the four basic arithmetic functions of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
Arithmometer
33
a British mathematician at Cambridge University invented the first analytical engine or difference engine.
Charles Babbage
34
known as ‘the father of the modern digital computer”.
Charles Babbage
35
This was the first fully automatic calculating machine
Mark I
36
Who designed Mark I
Howard Aiken (in collaboration with IBM)
37
could perform the basic arithmetic and complex equations
Mark I
38
world’s first general-purpose electronic digital computer.
Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)
39
Who developed Atanasoff-Berry Computer
John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry
40
ENIAC was built using
18,000 Vacuum Tubes 70, 000 resistors 1,500 relays and consumed 140 kilowatts of electrical power
41
ENIAC
Electronic Numeric Integrator and Calculator
42
This was the first machine that used the stored program concept.
EDVAC
43
EDVAC
Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
44
5 distinct units of EDVAC
arithmetic central control memory input output
45
Who designed EDVAC
Dr. John Von Neumann (mud 1490s)
46
Who designed UNIVAC
Remington Rand
47
this computer is designed specifically for business data processing applications.
UNIVAC
48
UNIVAC
Universal Automatic Computer
49
was the first general-purpose commercially available computer.
UNIVAC
50
In the second generation of computers Vacuum tube technology was replaced by
transistors
51
what generation does the concept of the stored-program emerged.
2nd generation of computers
52
The first transistorized computer was
TX-0.
53
The third-generation computers were characterized by use of
Integrated circuits
54
The Fourth Generation realized _____ which could fit hundreds of components on one chip and ____ which squeezed thousands of components on one chip.
Large Scale Integration (LSI) - Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI)
55
a form of computer that uses continuous physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities to model the problem being solved.
Analog Computer
56
computer that performs calculations and logical operations with quantities represented as digits, usually in the binary number system.
digital computer
57
Classification of Digital Computer
- Notebook computer/laptop computer - hand held computer
58
are a combination of Analog and Digital computers. They combine the speed of analog computers and the accuracy of digital computers.
Hybrid Computer
59
Classification of Hybrid Computers
Special Purpose Computer General Purpose Computer
60
These are developed with a specific purpose.
Special Purpose Computer
61
These are developed to meet the requirements of several areas
General Purpose Computer
62
Classification of General-Purpose Computers
-Supercomputer -Mainframe Computer -Mini computer -Micro computer
63
These have extremely large storage capacities and computing speeds which are at least 10 times faster than other computers.
Supercomputer
64
They are used in applications like weather forecasting, space applications, etc., they support a large number of terminals for use by a variety of users simultaneously, but are expensive.
Mainframe Computer
65
It is a medium-sized computer with moderate cost, available indigenously, and used for large volume applications.
Mini Computer
66
is the smallest general-purpose processing system.
micro computer
67
also referred to as personal computers‖(PC).
micro computer
68
Application of Computers
Scientific, Engineering, and Research Business Medicine Information Education Games and Entertainment
69
Computers are super-fast machines and can process millions of instructions per second. Smaller computers can execute thousands of instructions per second
Speed
70
They are capable of executing hundreds of instructions without any errors.
Accuracy
71
The computer can perform repetitive tasks with the same efficiency any number of times without exhausting their selves.
Efficiency
72
Computers are capable of storing large amounts of data in their storage devices.
storage
73
They are capable not only of performing complex mathematical tasks of science and engineering, but also other non-numerical operations
Versatility
74
Computers can be instructed to perform complex tasks automatically
Automation
75
Computers can perform the same task repeatedly & with the same accuracy without getting tired.
Diligence
76
Computers reduce the amount of paperwork and human effort
Cost-effectiveness
77
78
Disadvantages of computer
Spread of pornography Virus and hacking attack Crashed network Spread pf violence and hatred Data and information violation
79
Group of integrated parts designed to achieve a common objective
System
80
Made up of more than one element where each element performs a specific function and where all the elements are logically related and controlled in such a way that the goal of the system is achieved
System
81
Components of a computer system
Input unit Central processing unit Output unit
82
Transform the data into a form a computer can accept
Input devices
83
Reads and executes program instructions
CPU
84
Known as the brain of the comp
CPU
85
CPU consist of
Memory unit/storage Arithmetic Logic Unit Control Unit
86
Controls the operation of the entire unit system
Control unit
87
Execute the instructions and perform all the calculation and decision
ALU
88
Also called as main memory
Primary storage unit
89
Input units are stored in
Primary storage unit
90
Also the area where intermediate results of calculation are stored
Primary storage unit
91
Give the results of the process and commutations to the outside world
Output unit
92
Physical device used to store programs and data
Memory
93
2 types of memory
Primary Secondary
94
Used for the nformation in physical systems which are fast
Primary memory
95
Physical devices for program and daya storage which are slow but offer higher memory capacity
Secondary memory
96
Primary memory stored in secondary memory is called
Virtual memory
97
Primary memory can be recognized as
Volatile memory (RAM) Non volatile memory (ROM)
98
computer memory that requires power to maintain the stored information
Volatile memory
99
RAM stands for
Random Access Memory
100
2 types of ram
Static RAM Dynamic RAM
101
retains its contents as long as the power is connected and is easy to interface but uses six transistors per bit
SRAM
102
More complicated to interface and to control and needs regular refresh cycles to prevent its contents being lost. Uses only one transistor and a capacitor per bit.
DRAM
103
A computer memory that can retain the stored information even when not powered
Non volatile (ROM)
104
ROM stands for
Read Only Memory
105
is an intermediate between RAM and processor. It is very fast.
Cache Memoy
106
Is a RAM that a computer microprocessor can access more quickly than it can access regular RAM
Cache Memory
107
is a new optical disc formay
Blu-Ray disc

CFP (1 decks)

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