LESSON 1

Question 1

The branch of science that explores the chemical processes and substances within living organisms.

Answer 1

biochemistry

Question 2

The branch of biochemistry that studies how chemical compounds found in medicine interact with the molecular components of cells such as nucleic acids, proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

Answer 2

PHARMACEUTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

Question 3

a molecule that is relatively smaller or of low molecular weight.

Answer 3

Micromolecule

Question 4

a molecule containing a very large number of atoms

Answer 4

Macromolecule

Question 5

A molecule that is produced by or
involved in the processes of living organisms

Answer 5

BIOMOLECULE

Question 6

Four major types of biomolecules:

Answer 6

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Proteins

Question 7

Two types of cell:

Answer 7

EUKARYOTIC CELLS
PROKARYOTIC CELLS

Question 8

Parts of PROKARYOTIC CELLS:

Answer 8

Cell membrane
Cell wall
Capsule
Nucleoid
Ribosome
Pili
Flagella

Question 9

a protective cover made of phospholipids and proteins

Answer 9

Cell membrane

Question 10

rigid layer that provide structure and protection from the outside
environment

Answer 10

cell wall

Question 11

layer of polysaccharides that helps the cell stick to a surface

Answer 11

Capsule

Question 12

region where genetic material is found

Answer 12

nucleoid

Question 13

molecules that make proteins

Answer 13

ribosome

Question 14

rod-shaped structures

Answer 14

pili

Question 15

thin, hair-like structure

Answer 15

flagella

Question 16

Parts of EUKARYOTIC CELL:

Answer 16

CELL MEMBRANE
CYTOPLASM
CYTOSKELETON
ENDOPLASMIC RETICUL
GOLGI APPARATUS
LYSOSOMES
MITOCHONDRIA
NUCLEUS
PEROXISOMES
RIBOSOMES

Question 17

holds and protects the cell.

Answer 17

CELL MEMBRANE

Question 18

Components of the cell membrane:

Answer 18

PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
CHOLESTEROL
PROTEIN

Question 19

often used to describe the membrane

Answer 19

FLUID MOSAIC MODEL

Question 20

increases the fluidity of the membrane

Answer 20

cholesterol

Question 21

inserted/ embedded on cell membrane ; acts as transport

Answer 21

Integral protein

Question 22

loosely attached, protruding out of the cell ; acts as receptor

Answer 22

Peripheral protein

Question 23

primary difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Answer 23

Nucleus

Question 24

Three components of nucleus:

Answer 24

nucleoplasm
chromosomes
nuclear membrane

Question 25

gelatinous matrix or base material of the nucleus

Answer 25

nucleoplasm

Question 26

either embedded or suspended in the nucleoplasm(double helix

Answer 26

chromosomes

Question 27

serves as skin around nucleus which contains holes (nuclear pores) through which large molecules can enter or exit

Answer 27

nuclear membrane

Question 28

where tRNA molecule is manufactured

Answer 28

nucleolus

Question 29

semifluid, gelatinous, nutrient matrix which houses important organelles in the cell like the golgi apparatus, ER, mitochondria, vacuoles

Answer 29

cytoplasm

Question 30

semifluid portion of the cytoplasm

Answer 30

cytosol

Question 31

highly convoluted(very twisted) system of membranes that are interconnected and arranged to form a transport network of tubules and flattened sacs within the cytoplasm.

Answer 31

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 32

attaches to the outer surface of the membrane

Answer 32

rough ER

Question 33

not attached to the membrane

Answer 33

smooth ER

Question 34

consists of rRNA used for manufacturing of proteins

Answer 34

ribosomes

Question 35

clusters of ribosomes held together by a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 35

polyribosomes/polysomes

Question 36

polysomes composed by two subunits:

Answer 36

60S 40S

Question 37

stack of flattened, membranous sacs

Answer 37

GOLGI APPARATUS

Question 38

small vesicles that originates from golgi apparatus

Answer 38

LYSOSOMES

Question 39

lysosomes contains ______ and other digestive enzymes that breakdowns foreign material taken into the cell

Answer 39

LYSOZYME

Question 40

“powerhouse of the cell”

Answer 40

MITOCHONDRIA

Question 41

energy necessary for cell to function

Answer 41

ATP

Question 42

Three types of cytoskeleton:

Answer 42

a. microtubules b. microfilaments c. intermediate filaments

Question 43

system of fiber serve to strengthen, support and stiffen the cell

Answer 43

CYTOSKELETON

Question 44

both involved in making new cells

Answer 44

mitosis and meiosis

Question 45

any abnormality in number of chromosomes

Answer 45

ANEUPLOIDY

Question 46

abnormality in the 21st pair of chromosome

Answer 46

TRISOMY 21/ DOWN’S SYNDROME

Question 47

chromosome disorder where female has extra copy of X chromosome

Answer 47

XXX/TRISOMY X

Question 48

biologically male, exhibit female traits

Answer 48

XXY/KlINEFELTER’S SYNDROME