LESSON 1 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Dutch inventors, made the first simple microscope in ________
Hans Lippershey and Zacharias Janssen
1590
an Englishman, gave the term “cell” for the box-like structures observed in a cork tissue under the microscope in ____
Robert Hooke
1667
a Dutch naturalist, observed sperm cells, red blood cells, bacteria, and other microscopic organisms in rainwater after his invention of a more powerful microscope. A nucleus was observed within some of the red blood cells.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
1675
Around 1675, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch naturalist, observed s_____________, _________________, _______________, and other microscopic organisms in rainwater after his invention of a more powerful microscope.
Sperm cells, red blood cells, bacteria
a German botanist, studied plant structures under the microscope
Matthias Schleiden
Matthias Schleiden, a German botanist, studied plant structures under the microscope. In ____, he stated that all plants are composed of cells.
1838
In _____, it was concluded that all animals are composed of cells by __________, a German zoologist. He studied on animal tissues.
1839
Theodor Schwann
a German biologist, observed dividing cells during his work. Such observation made him conclude that all living cells come from preexisting cells.
Rudolf Virchow
three main parts of the cell
the cell membrane or plasma membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
what are the specialized organelles in the cytoplasm
Centrioles, cytoskeleton, and plastids
It is the control center of the cell that regulates and coordinates all activities of the cell
Nucleus
are the sites for the breakdown of sugar molecules into adenosine triphosphate or ATP, which is the main source of energy in the body.
Mitochondria
are the sites of protein synthesis. The coded message from DNA as to what kind of protein is to be synthesized is carried by the mRNA from the nucleus to the ______.
Ribosomes
consists of flattened sheets, sacs, and tubes of membranes that extend throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. It is structurally continuous with the nuclear membrane, and it specializes in the transport of lipids and membrane proteins.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
A system of flattened, membrane-bound sacs that looks like stack of pancakes is the _________. Its function is to modify, sort, and pack macromolecules for secretion or for transport to other organelles.
Golgi apparatus
also produced by the Golgi apparatus. It is a membrane-bound organelle that comes in various sizes and shapes. _________contain numerous hydrolytic or digestive enzymes for the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats within the cell. Thus, they are known as “digestive sacs.” Destruction or repair of defective parts of the cell is another function of _________.
Lysosomes
Another membrane-bound vesicles that contain oxidative enzymes are the ______________. Enzymes responsible for oxidizing certain molecules to form hydrogen peroxide are found in _______. They are abundantly found in liver cells, where fats and lipids are metabolized. In plants, they convert fatty acids into sugars needed by growing seedlings during seed germination.
peroxisomes.
are large storage sacs in cells. The smaller ones are called vesicles. In animals, some vacuoles function for storage of water or food, while others are for excretion of waste materials. _________in plants occupy up to 95% of the cell volume. Intracellular digestion, space filling, and control of cell turgor are some of the functions of vacuoles in plants. They contain water, 7 sugar, salts, and anthocyanin pigment.
Vacuoles
Outside the nucleus of animal cells is found the _________ It consists of two rod-shaped centrioles which are at right angle to each other. They replicate before cell division resulting into two pairs of centrioles that later move apart becoming part of the newly formed cells. They are believed to function in the formation of spindle fibers.
centrosome.
A network of interconnected protein filaments that extends throughout the cytoplasm is the_______ that provides the cell’s structural support. It is responsible for cell shape and motility.
cytoskeleton
