lesson 1 Flashcards
(24 cards)
fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of a rock
faults
relating to earthquakes or other vibrations of the earth and its crust
seismic
happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another
earthquake
giant waves caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruption under the sea
tsunami
Earth’s crust and its rigid upper mantle are broken onto enormous slobs called ____
plates
-earth’s crust and its rigid upper mantle are broken into enormous slobs called plates
-these plates are all moving in different directions at different speeds
-adjacent plates can crash together, pull apart or sideswipe each other
THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS
-place where two plates meet
-have different names, depending on how plates are moving relative to each other
plate boundary
what are the three boundaries
divergent boundaries
convergent boundaries
transform boundaries
It is a boundary where plates move apart, it’s results in a velley-like rift
Divrgent Boundaries
what is a result of a divergent boundary?
valley-like rift
it is a boundary where plates move toward each other, earthquake and volcanoes are found near, commonly experienced, process is called subduction
convergent boundaries
what is the process of convergent boundaries called?
subduction
it is a boundary where plates move sideways past each other
transform boundaries
Why do earthquakes occur?
Plate boundaries are made up of many systems of fractures called faults. The rough edges may cause the plates to rupture
What are three types of faults
Normal fault
Reverse fault
Strike-Slip fault
-a fault in which hanging wall moves down relative to the footwalll as a result of extension. Most common faults
-two blocks of crust layer pulling apart, extending the crust into a valley thus, creating space
Normal fault
-also called thrust fault
-a fault in which the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall as a result of compressipn. These faults are normally found in collision zones where tectonic plates push up mountain ranges, ex: Himalayas, Rocky Mountains
Reverse faults
a fault in which two blocks of crtust slidr past each other on the same plane. The motion experienced is right or left lateral instead of up and down
Srike-Slip fault
difference of earthquake focus and earthquake epicenter
The focus is the point inside the Earth where an earthquake originates, while the epicenter is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus.
what is the study of earthquakes called?
seismology
earthquake waves can be detected at great distances by ________
seismometers or seismograph
a seismometer’s record is known as a ______
seismogram
a measure of the degree of earthquake shaking at given locale based on amount of damage
intensity
estimates the amount of energy released at the source of the earthquake
magnitude
