Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Introduction to Developmental Psychology > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

(81 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Why study child development?

A

Raising children, choosing social policies, understanding human nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does the knowledge of child development help raise children?

A

Meeting challenges, research identified strategies managing behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does understanding child development help choose social policies?

A

Make insured decisions, children responses to court questions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does understanding about child development help understand human nature?

A

Answers regarding human nature such as experience timing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What did Platound Aristotle agree on about raising children?

A

Long-term societal welfare depends children being raised properly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What was Plato’s views on child rearing?

A

Self-control and discipline
Born with innate knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What was Aristotles views on child development?

A

Fit parenting to individual Childs needs
Knowledge comes from experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did the social reform movement do for child development?

A

Described adverse effects of harsh enviroment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When did child development become a formal field of enquiry?

A

Late 19th early 29th century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give a brief overview of Freud’s beliefs on development

A

Sexual/biological drives influence development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What did Watson believe about child development - in regards to behaviour

A

Behaviour stems from reward and punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is nativism nature or nurture?

A

Nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the nativism view believe?

A

The brain is organised into cognitive modules, these modules allow us to understand the world before we experience it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some “laws” that support nativism

A

Physics, language, numbers, other people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is empiricism?

A

Nurture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Provide a brief overview of nurture (empiricism)

A

Children learn from experience - interacting with their environment and with others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the benefits of a nativist approach

A

Explains the speed of learning
Explains universality e.g. grammar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the problems with a nativism perspective

A

It doesn’t explain the course of development
Doesn’t explain the brains plasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the benefits of a nurture perspective?

A

Explains the differential development trajectories
Explains flexibility and brain recovery
It is parasimonious (simple)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the problems with a nurture approach

A

It doesn’t explain early competencies
It doesn’t explain universality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does nature and nurture work together?

A

Born with a brain allowing us to organise information we acquire from the enviroment
A gradual localisation of cognitive processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do children shape their own development?

A

The active child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Explain the active child

A

Children contribute to their own development, contribution increases as they get older

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the three most important contributions for the active child in choosing their own development

A

Attentional patterns
Use of language
Play

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Explain continuity
The smooth and gradual accumulation of abilities - tree growing
26
Explain discontinuity
Discrete steps of change - caterpillar to butterfly
27
How do stage theorists propose development happens
Progression of age-related, qualitative shifts
28
Explain variation in terms of development
Differences in thoughts and behaviour within and among individuals
29
Explain selection in terms of development
More frequent survival and reproduction of organisms that are well adapted to their environment
30
How do variation and selection work together in development and influence behaviour
Display a behaviour (variation is the difference of behaviour), behaviour that gets result is more likely to be retreated
31
What does sociocultural cortex refer too?
Physical, social, cultural, economic, historical circumstances
32
How does sociocultural cortex influence development?
Affected by ethnicity, race, socioeconomic status, measure of class based on income and education
33
How does sociocultural cortex influence development?
Affected by ethnicity, race, socioeconomic status, measure of class based on income and education
34
What socioeconomic context has a large influence on like
Economic
35
How do children become so different from each other?
Individual differences
36
Do individual differences occur quickly or slowly?
Quickly
37
What are some examples of ways individual differences can occur
Genes, treatment by other people,subjective reactions to ways they are treated, environment choices
38
How can research development promote wellbeing?
Diagnosing problems and finding solutions
39
Explain the key stages of the scientific process
Observation, think of questions, hypotheses, predictions, gather data, develop general theories
40
What are the two types of interview?
Structured and clinical
41
Explain the process of a structured interview
All participants answer the same question
42
Explain the process of a clinical interview;
Questions adjusted according to the answers given
43
What are the advantages of interviews?
1. subjective experiences 2. Inexpensive 3. Gather lots of data 4. Clinical interviews allow flexibility
44
What are the disadvantages of interviews?
1. biased 2. Memory experiences inaccurate 3. Future predictions innacurate
45
What is the primary goal is naturalistic observations?
How children behave in usual environment
46
What are the advantages of naturalistic observations?
Describing everyday behaviour, social interaction processes
47
What are the disadvantages of a naturalistic observation?
Difficult to know what is the most influential Limited in studying infrequent behaviours
48
What is the premise of a structured observation?
Identical situation presented to multiple children, behaviours are recorded, allowing direct comparison of generality of behaviour
49
What are the advantages of a structured observation?
Behaviours are observed in the same context Controlled comparison of children’s behaviour in different situations
50
What are the disadvantages of a structured observation?
Context is less naturalistic, reveals less about subjective experiences when compared to interviews
51
What is the primary goal of a correlation design?
To determine how variables are related to one another
52
What does correlation mean?
The association between two variables
53
What is the name of the statistic used to measure the direction and strength of a correlation?
Correlation Coefficient
54
Is a positive correlation bottom left to top right Or Top left to bottom right?
Bottom left to top right
55
Is a negative correlation bottom left to top right Or Top left to bottom right?
Top left to bottom right
56
Does correlation equal causation?
No
57
What are the two main disadvantages of a correlation design?
The direction of causation problem And Third-variable problem
58
What is the direction of causation problem?
Not possible to tell from the correlation which variable is the cause and which is the effect
59
What is the third-variable problem?
A correlation between two variables may arise due to influence from an unknown third variable
60
What is able to be identified from experimental designs?
Cause and effect
61
What is the procedure of an experimental design in regards to group dynamics?
Children have an equal chance of being assigned to a tested group within the experiment
62
What does experimental control refer to?
The researchers ability to determine the specific experiences that children are exposed to within the experiment
63
What is the difference between the experimental group and a control group in an experimental design?
Experimental group - recieve experience of interest Control group - Do not receive the experience
64
What is the dependent variable?
Variable hypothesised behaviour which is affected by the independent variable
65
What are two advantages of a corralation design?
Only way to compare many groups of interest Only way to establish relations amongst variables of interest
66
What are the two advantages of an experimental design?
Allows casual inference as the design rules out direction of causation and third variable problems Naturalistic experiments can demonstrate cause and effect in natural settings
67
What are two disadvantages of experimental designs
Need for experimental control leads to artificial situations Can’t be used to study many different variables
68
What is habituation?
When a baby gets used to a stimulus, they become habituated - become habituated over multiple exposures
69
What is dishabituation?
Renewed interest to stimulus following a change in the original stimuli
70
What does habituation tell us?
That a baby can determine thee difference between the two stimuli
71
What does EEG measure?
Event-related brain potentials that happen when neuron’s fire - shows brain wave differences to different stimuli
72
What does FNIRS measure?
Changes in oxygenated blood in response to stimuli
73
Explain the process of a cross-sectional study:
Children are different ages - compared on a given behaviour/characteristic over a short period of time
74
Explain the process of a longitudinal design:
Same children studied twice of more over a substantial period of time
75
Explain the process of a microgenetic experiment
Children observed intensively over a relatively short period of time whilst a change is occurring
76
What are the advantages of a cross-sectional design
Useful data about differences amongst age groups Quick and easy to administer
77
Explain the advantages of a longitudinal design
Indicates degree of stability of individual differences over long periods of time Reveals individual children’s patterns of change
78
Explain the advantages of a micro-genetic observation
Intensive observations of change whilst occurring Reveals individual change patterns over a short period of time in high detail
79
What are the disadvantages of a cross-sectional design
Uninformative about stability of individual differences over time Uninformative about similarities and differences in individual patterns of change
80
What are the disadvantages of a longitudinal study?
Difficult to keep all participants involved Repeat testing threatens external validity
81
What are the disadvantages of a microgenetic study?
Not provide info about typical patterns of change over a long period of time Does not reveal individual change patterns over a long period of time

Introduction to Developmental Psychology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions