Lesson 1 Flashcards
(40 cards)
Is a thread-like self-replicating genetic structure containing organized DNA molecule package found in the nucleus of the cell.
Chromosome
chromosome’ is derived from ‘chroma’ meaning ‘—–’ and ‘soma’ meaning ‘—–’.
color; body
——- discovered chromosome
E. Strasburger
Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled proteins called —- that support its structure.
Histones
Chromosomes are best visible during —–.
metaphase
Chromosomes have property of —– and ——
self duplication and mutation.
What are the 4 structures of the chromosome
telomere
centromere
p arm
q arm
It is present at the tips of chromosomes.
Telomere
It is the localized region (middle region) of the chromosome to which spindle fibers attach.
Centromere
It is the short arm of the chromosome, located at the top.
P arm
It is the long arm of the chromosome, located at the bottom.
Q arm
What are the types of chromosomes
Acrocentric
Telocentric
Sub-metacentric
Metacentric
Very small P arm; centromere is situated close to the end of the chromosome.
Acrocentric
No P arm; centromere is at the very end of the chromosome.
Telocentric
P arm is just a little smaller than Q arm; centromere is located near the center of the chromosome.
Sub-metacentric
Why do cells divide
for growth, repair and replacement, and reproduction
is an ordered sequence of events that extends from the time a cell is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division
cell cycle
2 parts of cell cycle
interphase and m phase (mitotic phase)
The longest stage of a Cell’s life
The time spent between divisions
Produces all materials required for growth
Preparation for division
Interphase
stages of interphase
G1 phase (Gap 1)
S phase (Synthesis)
G2 phase (Gap 2)
Cell growth; organelles and cytosolic components duplicates
G1 phase or Gap 1
where DNA replicates
S phase or Synthesis
Preparation for mitosis; DNA is checked for errors, proteins and enzymes needed for cell division are synthesized, and organelles continue to grow.
G2 phase or Gap 2
The phase where the cell actually divides.
M phase (mitotic phase)
