Lesson 1

Question 1

Force

Answer 1

Push or pull that produces displacement
External agent enabling body to change direction and be at a state of motion from rest
Contains magnitude (strength of force) and direction (w/c direction the object goes based on the force exerted on it)

Question 2

Gravity

Answer 2

most prevalent force
Usually the weight of an object, in physics: g=9.8 m/s2

Question 3

Muscle Force

Answer 3

force generated by either passive or
active contraction to produce motion
Muscle contractions allow the body to
produce actions or movements

Question 4

Externally applied resistances

Answer 4

tools/equipment that the muscles have to work against to produce motion
E.g. Manual resistance (during palpation), Pulley, Door (like in Mcdo), Windows

Question 5

Friction

Answer 5

resistance to movement between 2 objects when in contact with each other

Question 6

Kinesiology

Answer 6

Study of motion and the internal and external
forces involved in movement
In occupations, OPTIMAL movements should be used to perform occupations

Question 7

Anatomy

Answer 7

study of structures of human body

Question 8

Biomechanics

Answer 8

human body mechanics (study of forces and motion applied to a certain thing)
- study of forces and motion applied to human body
- Application of kinematics and kinetics to the mechanics of human movement

Question 9

Statics

Answer 9

Study of objects that are either at rest or
in constant motion

Question 10

Dynamics

Answer 10

Study of objects that involve acceleration

Question 11

Kinetics

Answer 11

Study of motion that involves forces

Question 12

Type of Kinetics

Answer 12

Linear (one direction)
Angular (angles on motion)

Question 13

Kinematics

Answer 13

Study of motion WITHOUT regard to
forces that produce
motion

Question 14

Types of Kinematics

Answer 14

Arthrokinematics
- concerned with the
movement of 2
articulating joint
surfaces
- Automatic,
non-voluntary
2.2.2.2. Osteokinematics
- movements of bony
levers through their
ranges of motion

Question 15

Frontal / Coronal / XY Plane

Answer 15

Z-axis
● Divides the body into front and back
● Example Motions:
○ Shoulder/Hip abduction and adduction
○ Wrist ulnar and radial deviation
○ Trunk lateral flexion

Question 16

Sagittal / Vertical / YZ Plane

Answer 16

X-axis
● Divides the body into right and left
● Example Motions:
○ Elbow/Knee flexion and extension
○ Ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
○ Hip flexion and extension
○ Trunk flexion and extension
○ Wrist flexion and extension

Question 17

Horizontal / Transverse / XZ Plane

Answer 17

● Y-axis
● Divides the body into upper and lower
parts
● Example Motions:
○ Shoulder Internal and External Rotation
○ Elbow pronation and supination
○ Horizontal abduction and adduction
○ Ankle adduction and abduction
○ Trunk rotation

Question 18

Center of Gravity

Answer 18

The intersection of the center of all three of
these planes
Theoretical point around which the mass of
the object is balanced. It is around this center
that gravity acts.

Question 19

COG of Adults

Answer 19

S2 Level

Question 20

Stable

Answer 20

line of gravity is within the base of
support

Question 21

Unstable

Answer 21

line of gravity outside the base
of support

Question 22

Hinge

Answer 22

Uniaxial
Sagittal plane
Flexion and Extension
Elbow

Question 23

Pivot

Answer 23

Uniaxial
Transverse plane
Supination, Pronation, Inversion, and Eversion
Forearm

Question 24

Condyloid

Answer 24

Sagittal and Frontal planes
Flexion, Extension, Abduction, and Adduction
Metacarpo phalangeal
joints, Metatarsophalyngeal joints

Question 25

Ellipsoidal

Answer 25

Sagittal and Frontal planes Flexion, Extension, Radial and Ulnar Deviation Radiocarpal joint

Question 26

Saddle

Answer 26

Sagittal, Frontal, and some in Transverse planes Flexion, Extension, Abduction, and Adduction Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

Question 27

Ball and Socket

Answer 27

Sagittal, Frontal, Transverse Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, and Rotation Shoulder, Hip

Question 28

Open Kinematic Chain

Answer 28

the DISTAL segment of the chain moves in space while the PROXIMAL is planted or stationary

Question 29

Closed Kinematic Chain

Answer 29

the PROXIMAL segment of the chain moves in space while the DISTAL is planted or stationary

Question 30

Closed Pack Position

Answer 30

Joint is compressed & difficult to distract Joint surfaces are mostly in contact. ● Ligaments and capsular structures are slack

Question 31

Open Pack Position

Answer 31

● Ligaments are farthest apart and under tension ● Capsular ligaments are taut ● Joint surfaces may be distracted ● Allow motions such as spinning, rolling, & sliding ● Injuries are more common in this position

Question 32

Sliding

Answer 32

1 joint surface is parallel to the plane of the adjoining joint surface

Question 33

Spinning

Answer 33

1 point of contact on each surface remains in contact with fixed location on another surface

Question 34

Rolling

Answer 34

Each point on 1 surface contacts a new point on the other surface

Question 35

Last 20° of extension of the knee

Answer 35

knee joint demonstrates a combination of rolling, sliding, and spinning

Question 36

Principle 1 of Concave-Convex Principle

Answer 36

If the bone with the convex joint surface moves on the bone with the concavity, the convex joint surfaces move in the OPPOSITE direction to the bone segment Ex. When the humerus (bone segment) moves upward, the CONVEX head (joint surface) moves downward

Question 37

Principle 2 of Concave-Convex Principle

Answer 37

If the bone with theconcavity moves on the convex surface, the concave articular surface moves in the SAME direction as the bone segment. Ex. When the elbow flexes, the CONCAVE trochlear notch (joint surface) moves upward, in the same direction of the ulna (bone segment).

Question 38

Isokinetic

Answer 38

● Occurs when rate of movement is constant ● Only happens when we use machines ● Ex. pedaling a stationary bike at the same speed

Question 39

Isometric

Answer 39

● Static/Holding Contraction ● No change in the joint angle = muscle length stays the same while producing force ● Ex. Plank exercise

Question 40

Isotonic

Answer 40

● Constant tension as muscle changes length ● Muscles change length while producing force

Question 41

Eccentric

Answer 41

muscle lengthening

Question 42

Concentric

Answer 42

muscle shortening

Question 43

Mechanical Advantage (MA)

Answer 43

Ratio between the length of the force arm and the length of the resistance arm ● Greater mechanical advantage = task is easier to accomplish

Question 44

1st Class Lever

Answer 44

Exerted force on opposite sides of the axis or fulcrum

Question 45

2nd Class Lever

Answer 45

Weight/resistance is situated in between effort force and axis easiest to carry effort arm>resistance arm

Question 46

3rd Class Lever

Answer 46

Effort force is between axis and resistance force most difficult to carry