Lesson 1-2

Question 1

is the branch of biology that deals with the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment.

Answer 1

Ecology

Question 2

He coined the term “ecology” in 1866 and defined it as the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment.

Answer 2

Ernst Haeckel

Question 3

He is often considered the “father of ecology”

Answer 3

Ernst Haeckel

Question 4

The word is derived from Greek: “oikoc” means

Answer 4

Home

Question 5

The word is derived from Greek: “logos” means

Answer 5

Study

Question 6

What are the different levels of organization in ecology?

Answer 6

•Individual or Species
•Population
•Community
•Ecosystem
•Biome
•Biosphere

Question 7

What is the lowest level of ecological organization?

Answer 7

Species/ individual

Question 8

Group of organisms that contain similar individuals capable of reproduction and interbreeding.

Answer 8

Species

Question 9

A group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area.

Answer 9

Population

Question 10

Refers to the group of actually or potentially interacting species living in the exact (same) location

Answer 10

Community

Question 11

All the different populations live together in a particular area.

Answer 11

Community

Question 12

Refers to the interaction of biotic and abiotic factors within the environment.

Answer 12

Ecosystem

Question 13

Group of ecosystems that share similar climatic conditions

Answer 13

Biome

Question 14

The region of the earth that encompasses all living organisms.

Answer 14

Biosphere

Question 15

“Bio” means

Answer 15

Life

Question 16

Who is the first coined by a Russian Scientist in the 1920s?

Answer 16

Vladimir Verdnadsky

Question 17

Everything about us

Answer 17

environment

Question 18

Studies the interaction of the environment’s physical, chemical, and biological components

Answer 18

Environmental science

Question 19

is a social and political movement that seeks to protect and improve the natural environment through advocacy, education, and activism.

Answer 19

Environmentalism

Question 20

The geographic area where plants, animals, and other organism, as well as weather and landscape, work together to form a bubble of life.

Answer 20

Ecosystem

Question 21

Community or group of living organisms

Answer 21

Ecosystem

Question 22

These include all living organisms within the ecosystem, such as plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms.

Answer 22

BIOTIC (COMPONENTS)

Question 23

These are the ecosystem’s non-living physical and chemical elements, such as sunlight, temperature, water, soil, air, and nutrients.

Answer 23

ABIOTIC (COMPONENTS)

Question 24

• Mostly made of small particles of rocks.
• It affects the distribution of the organism

Answer 24

Soil

Question 25

• it has the ability to change the way living things develop because its changes the metabolic rate of the organism. • It affects the biochemical runs in the organism

Answer 25

Temperature

Question 26

• Limited light will limit photosynthesis • This will affect the distribution of plants, and, therefore, the distribution of animals that eat plants.

Answer 26

Light Intensity

Question 27

• As plants transpire, the humidity around saturates leaves with water vapor.

Answer 27

Humidity of Air

Question 28

• It refers to the ‘’lay of the land’’ • It affects soil fertility with increasing fertility from ridge to valley

Answer 28

Topography

Question 29

These are typically plants and algae that convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

Answer 29

Producers

Question 30

Feed on plants and other organism

Answer 30

Consumers

Question 31

Herbivores that feed on primary producers, such as deer or caterpillars

Answer 31

Primary consumers

Question 32

Carnivores that eat primary consumers, such as wolves or frogs.

Answer 32

Secondary consumers

Question 33

Top predators that feed on secondary consumers, such as eagles or sharks.

Answer 33

Tertiary consumers

Question 34

Organisms like fungi and bacteria that break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients into the ecosystem.

Answer 34

Decomposers

Question 35

A linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another.

Answer 35

FOOD CHAIN

Question 36

Any factor that places an upper limit on the size of a population. It can be biotic such as availability of food or abiotic such as access to water.

Answer 36

LIMITING FACTOR

Question 37

The largest and healthiest population of a species will occur within optimal range - Species with broad tolerance ranges will tend to be widely distributed and may easily invade other ecosystem.

Answer 37

ABIOTIC FACTORS

Question 38

The Maximum population size of a particular species that a given ecosystem can sustain. As the population increases, the demand for resources such as food, water, shelter, and space also increases.

Answer 38

CARRYING CAPACITY

Question 39

Every living organism is limited to its environmental condition. Environmental factors must be within appropriate levels for life to persist

Answer 39

CRITICAL FACTORS AND LIMITING LIMITS

Question 40

EXAMPLE OF LIMITING FACTORS OF POPULATION GROWTH - Temperature - Water - Moisture - Soil Nutrients

Answer 40

Terrestrial Ecosystem

Question 41

EXAMPLE OF LIMITING FACTORS OF POPULATION GROWTH - Salinity - Temperature - Sunlight - Dissolved Oxygen

Answer 41

Maritime Ecosystem

Question 42

A system maybe limited by the absence or minimum about (in term of the needed) of any required factor - Is the rarest requirements of an organism will be limiting factor to its performance

Answer 42

LAW OF THE MINIMUM

Question 43

Refers to the upper and lower bound to physical environment an organism can tolerate these boundaries affects the ability to function, grow and reproduce - The existence, abundance and distribution of a species in a ecosystem are determined by the wether the levels of one or more.

Answer 43

LAW OF TOLERANCE

Question 44

Who proposed the LAW OF THE MINIMUM

Answer 44

Justus Von Liebig in 1840

Question 45

Who proposed the LAW OF TOLERANCE?

Answer 45

Victor Shelford in 1913 -

Question 46

The biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem.

Answer 46

Dynamic Ecosystems

Question 47

This is an interaction where one organism (predator) hunts and consumes another organism (prey). For example, a lion (predator) hunting a zebra (prey).

Answer 47

• Predation

Question 48

This involves herbivores feeding on plants. For example, a rabbit feeding on grass.

Answer 48

• Herbivory

Question 49

Both species benefit from the interaction. For example, bees pollinating flowers while obtaining nectar.

Answer 49

• Mutualism

Question 50

One species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed. For example, barnacles attached to a whale.

Answer 50

• Commensalism

Question 51

This occurs when individuals of the same species compete for the same resources, such as food, space, or mates. For example, oak trees competing for sunlight in a dense forest.

Answer 51

• Intraspecific competition

Question 52

This occurs between individuals of different species competing for the same resources. For example, lions and hyenas competing for the same prey in the savannah.

Answer 52

• Interspecific competition

Question 53

It can lead to resource partitioning, where species adjust their niches to minimize competition, or competitive exclusion, where one species outcompetes and excludes another from a niche. For instance, different bird species might forage in other parts of the same tree to avoid direct competition.

Answer 53

• Outcomes of competition

Question 54

Who is considered the father of ecology,

Answer 54

• Ernst Haeckel

Question 55

Living

Answer 55

BIOTIC

Question 56

Non living

Answer 56

ABIOTIC