Lesson 1&2

Question 1

“The unexamined life is not worth living”

Answer 1

Socrates

Question 2

was the first philosopher who ever engaged in a systematic questioning about the self; the true task of the philosopher is to know oneself.

Answer 2

Socrates

Question 3

every man is composed of body and soul; all individuals have an imperfect, impermanent aspect to him: the body, while maintaining that there is also a soul that is perfect and permanent.

Answer 3

Socrates

Question 4

• We should know how we ought to live
• This requires self knowledge where;
• The true self is our soul and;
• We should CARE for our soul to be virtuous and happy

Answer 4

Socrates

Question 5

Plato supported the idea of the

Answer 5

“Dualism of Body and Soul”

Question 6

Soul is the seat of reason and source of true and immortal self

Answer 6

Plato

Question 7

Plato added that there are three components of the soul:

Answer 7

rational soul, the spirited soul, and the appetitive soul.

Question 8

– Soul has rational part
– What makes human beings unique is the possession of soul and intellect

Answer 8

Aristotle

Question 9

___ agreed that man is of a bifurcated nature; the body is bound to die on earth and the soul is to anticipate living eternally in a realm of spiritual bliss in communion with God.
- Soul and intellect exists but only intellect has substantial form
- The body can only thrive in the imperfect, physical reality that is the world, whereas the soul can also stay after death in an eternal realm with the all-transcendent God.
- Intellect is what makes us human, enables thought and language unlike animals
- Abstractions from experience, agent intellect and receptive intellect, not only perception but ideas

Answer 9

St. Augustine

Question 10

Aquinas said that indeed, man is composed of two parts:

Answer 10

matter and form

Question 11

Matter, or ____ in Greek, refers to the “common stuff that makes up everything in the universe.”

Answer 11

hyle

Question 12

in Greek refers to the “essence of a substance or thing.”

Answer 12

morphe

Question 13

the soul is what animates the body; it is what makes us humans

Answer 13

Aquinas

Question 14

“But what then am I? A thing that thinks. What is that? A thing that doubts, understand, affirms, denies, wills, refuses, and that also imagines and senses.”

Answer 14

Rene Descartes

Question 15

____ knows that he exists and continues to exists as long as he is a thing that thinks
- Conceived of the human person as having a body and a mind
- This consciousness that allows us to know that we exist composes our soul which is a substance
- The body is nothing else but a machine that is attached to the mind. The human person has it, but it is not what makes man a man. If at all, that is the mind.
- The self/identity depends on consciousness

Answer 15

Descartes

Question 16

We are born in a blank slate

Answer 16

“Tabula Rasa”

Question 17

He distinguishes between a substance (the soul) and consciousness

Answer 17

John Locke

Question 18

Memory provides an infallible link between what we might call different stages of a person

Answer 18

John Locke

Question 19

John Locke Two objections:

Answer 19

• We forget much of what we experience
• Our memories are not always accurate

Question 20

The self is not an entity over and beyond the physical body.
- Men can only attain knowledge by experiencing.
- Self, according to _____, “is simply an illusion - a bundle or collection of different perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity, and are in a perpetual flux and movement.”
- We are more influenced by feelings than reason, reason is the slave of passion
- There is need for :
- Education passions - learn to be more benevolent and patient
- Need for public intellectuals rather than professors to change people’s belief by sympathy, good example

Answer 20

David Hume

Question 21

learn to be more benevolent and patient

Answer 21

Education passions

Question 22

Things that men perceive around them are not just randomly infused into the human person without an organizing principle that regulates the relationship of all these impressions.
- There is necessarily a mind that organizes the impressions that men get from the external world.
- Time and space are ideas that one cannot find in the world but is built in our minds; he calls these the apparatuses of the mind.
- Two fold nature of humans

Answer 22

Immanuel Kant

Question 23

essence of things beyond experience, God-like self, intellect

Answer 23

Homo noumenon

Question 24

things as it appears to observer, human self, physical

Answer 24

Homo phaenoumenon

Question 25

endowed with freedom, or agency, and can be subjected to moral obligation, true and real self that needs to be actualized

Answer 25

Noumenal self

Question 26

enables knowing noumenal self

Answer 26

Phaenoumenon self

Question 27

Blatantly denying the concept of an internal, non-physical self; what truly matters is the behavior that a person manifests in his day-to-day life. - “Self” is not an entity one can locate and analyze but simply the convenient name that people use to refer to all the behaviors that people make.

Answer 27

Gilbert Ryle

Question 28

The mind and body are so intertwined that they cannot be separated from one another. - One cannot find any experience that is not an embodied experience. All experience is embodied; one’s body is his opening toward his existence to the world. - The living body, his thoughts, emotions, and experiences are all one.

Answer 28

Merleau-Ponty

Question 29

We experience the world though our body

Answer 29

Embodied Subjectivity

Question 30

Experience changes the mind

Answer 30

Being in the World

Question 31

is an important part of the self and acts as one system with the mind

Answer 31

physical body

Question 32

We imbue the world with our own value and meaning

Answer 32

crucial to how we subjectively experience the world

Question 33

means that the self is distinct from other selves. The self is always unique and has its own identity.

Answer 33

Separate

Question 34

because it can exist in itself . Its distinctness allows it to be self-contained with its own thoughts, characteristics, and volition.

Answer 34

Self-contained and independent

Question 35

means that a particular self’s traits, characteristics, tendencies, and potentialities are more or less the same.

Answer 35

Consistency

Question 36

in that it is the center of all experiences and thoughts that run through a certain person

Answer 36

Unitary

Question 37

means that each person sorts out information, feelings and emotions, and thought processes within the self. This whole process is never accessible to anyone but the self.

Answer 37

Private

Question 38

According to ____, every self has two faces: ___&____

Answer 38

Marcel Mauss; Moi, Personne

Question 39

refers to a person’s sense of who he is, his body, and his basic identity, his biological givenness.

Answer 39

Moi

Question 40

is composed of the social concepts of what it means to be who he is.

Answer 40

Personne

Question 41

is another interesting aspect of this social constructivism; it is a salient part of culture and ultimately, has a tremendous effect in our crafting of the self.

Answer 41

Language

Question 42

More than his givenness (_,_,_,_), one is believed to be in active participation in the shaping of the self.

Answer 42

personality, tendencies, and propensities, among others

Question 43

For _____ & ______, the way that human persons develop is with the use of language acquisition and interaction with others. - Both ______treat the human mind as something that is made, constituted through language as experienced in the external world and as encountered in dialogs with others.

Answer 43

Mead and Vygotsky

Question 44

• a person’s distinct identity that is developed through social interaction • In order to engage in this process of “self,” an individual must be able to view him or herself through the eyes of others • This assists us in becoming self-aware, as we look at ourselves from the perspective of the “other.”

Answer 44

George Herbert Mead

Question 45

Mead’s Stages of Self Development:

Answer 45

The Preparatory Stage The Play Stage The Game Stage

Question 46

- children are only capable of imitation - they have no ability to imagine how others see things

Answer 46

Preparatory

Question 47

- children begin to take on the role that one other person might have - children might try on a parent’s point of view by acting out “grownup” behavior - like playing “dress up” and acting out the “mom” role, or talking on a toy telephone the way they see their father.

Answer 47

The Play Stage

Question 48

- children learn to consider several roles at the same time and how those roles interact with each other - They learn to understand interactions involving different people with a variety of purposes

Answer 48

The Game Stage

Question 49

• Zone of Proximal Development • Emphasis of the “Expert Role” in the learning process

Answer 49

Vygotsky and Scaffolding

Question 50

These expert can be known as:

Answer 50

• Parents • Teachers • Peers • Many more

Question 51

In trying to achieve the goal of becoming a fully realized human, a child enters a system of relationships, most important of which is the

Answer 51

family

Question 52

is one of those loci of the self that is subject to alteration, change, and development. - The sense of self that is being taught makes sure that an individual fits in a particular environment, is dangerous and detrimental in the goal of truly finding one’s self, self-determination, and growth of the self. - It is important to give one the leeway to find, express, and live his identity. - ____ has to be personally discovered and asserted and not dictated by culture and the society.

Answer 52

Gender