Lesson 1-2 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Fluid Mechanics
The study of fluids at rest or in motion.
Fluid
A substance that deforms continuously under shear stress.
Liquid
A fluid that takes the shape of its container and has a free surface.
Gas
A fluid that expands to fill the entire volume of its container.
Ideal Fluid
A hypothetical fluid with zero viscosity and incompressibility.
No-Slip Condition
The principle that a fluid in contact with a solid surface has zero relative velocity.
Conservation of Mass
A principle stating that mass remains constant in a closed system.
Newton’s Second Law
Force is equal to mass times acceleration (F = ma).
Principle of Angular Momentum
A principle governing the rotational motion of fluids.
First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Entropy always increases in a closed system.
System
A fixed mass in fluid analysis.
Control Volume
An arbitrary space in which fluid flows.
Differential Approach
A method using infinitesimal elements for analysis.
Integral Approach
A method using finite control volumes for analysis.
Density (ρ)
Mass per unit volume of a substance (kg/m³).
Specific Gravity
The ratio of fluid density to the density of a reference fluid.
Specific Volume
Volume occupied by a unit mass of a substance (m³/kg).
Specific Weight
The weight per unit volume of a fluid (N/m³).
Viscosity
A measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow.
Kinematic Viscosity
The ratio of absolute viscosity to density (m²/s).
Surface Tension
A fluid property that causes its surface to behave like an elastic sheet.
Capillarity
The tendency of a liquid to rise or fall in a narrow tube due to surface tension.
Compressibility
The fractional change in volume per unit pressure change.
