Lesson 1-3

Question 1

sudden calamitous occurrence that cause great harm, injury, destruction, and devastation to life and property

Answer 1

Disaster

Question 2

agency who stated that disaster is a sudden calamitous occurrence that cause great harm, injury, destruction, and devastation to life and property

Answer 2

Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, 2012

Question 3

defines disaster as a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources

Answer 3

United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

Question 4

an act strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, Providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, Appropriate funds, therefore and other purposes (passed and approved on May 27, 2010)

Answer 4

RA 10121

Question 5

condition or source that has a potential to cause harm to humans in the form of injury or illness, property damage, environmental damage or a combination of these

Answer 5

Hazard

Question 6

refers to factors such as physical, social, economic, and environmental that increases the susceptibility to the impact of a hazard

Answer 6

Vulnerability

Question 7

natural phenomenon is caused by natural forces, such as earthquakes, typhoon, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires, tornados, and extreme temperatures
can be classifies as rapid onset disasters and those with progressive onset, such as droughts that lead to famine

Answer 7

Natural Disasters

Question 8

disasters caused by man are those in which major direct causes are identifiable intentional or non-intentional human actions

Answer 8

Man-made Disaster

Question 9

unregulated industrialization and inadequate safety standards increase the risk for industrial disasters

Answer 9

Technological/ Industrial Disasters

Question 10

the threat of terrorism has also increased due to the spread of technologies involving nuclear, biological, and chemical agents used to develop weapons of mass destruction

Answer 10

Terrorism/ Violence

Question 11

used to describe humanitarian emergency resulting from an international or civil war
large number of the population are displaced due to the disruption if personal safety, food distribution, utilities, etc

Answer 11

Complex Humanitarian Emergencies

Question 12

defined as the combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences
usually associated with the degree to which humans cannot cope with a situation

Answer 12

Risk

Question 13

product of a possible damage caused by hazard due to vulnerability within a community

Answer 13

Disaster Risk

Question 14

minimizing disaster risk reduction through reduction of ______ and ______

Answer 14

Exposure, Vulnerability

Question 15

these includes traumatic injuries, emotional stress, epidemic diseases, and indigenous diseases such as malaria

Answer 15

Medical Effects

Question 16

these are communication installations, electrical generating, and transmission facilities, hospitals, water facilities (storage, purifications, and pumping) and other private and public buildings

Answer 16

Damage to Critical Facilities

Question 17

during the initial stages of a disaster, almost all surface means of transportation within a community are disrupted by broken bridges and roads and streets that are rendered impassable by landslides or floods

Answer 17

Disruption of Transportation

Question 18

an earthquake is shaking caused by the ______ and subsequent displacement of rocks

Answer 18

Rupture

Question 19

defines an earthquake as the perceptible shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from sudden release of energy in the earth’s crust that creates seismic waves

Answer 19

United States Geological Survey (USGS)

Question 20

engineering principle which can be used to understand earthquakes

Answer 20

Elastic Deformation

Question 21

there is increasing evidence of global climatic change brought by human activity and disasters
although the long-range consequences are hard to predict, more severe cyclonic storm, an increase in both flooding and drought, and a trend towards desertification cannot be ruled out

Answer 21

Global Environmental Change

Question 21

the rock breaks and there is displacement along the ______

Answer 21

Rupture Surface

Question 22

the energy released by an earthquake is measured by ______

Answer 22

Magnitude

Question 23

magnitude is measured using a ________ develop by _______ in _______

Answer 23

Richter Scale, Charles Richter (1935)

Question 24

magnitude uses ________ enumeration (1)

Answer 24

Hindu-Arabic

Question 25

strength of an earthquake as perceived and felt by people in a certain locality numerical rating based on the relative effects to people, objects, environment, and structures in the surrounding

Answer 25

Intensity

Question 26

intensity uses ______ numeration

Answer 26

Roman

Question 27

geological fault where the hanging walk has ved downward relative to the football due to extensional forces, typically associated with divergent plate boundaries

Answer 27

Normal Fault

Question 28

geological fault where the hanging wall has moved upward relative to the football due to compressional forces, often associated with convergent plate boundaries

Answer 28

Reverse Fault

Question 29

geological fault where the movement of tectonic plates occurs predominantly horizontally, parallel to the fault plane, in opposite directions, typically due to horizontal shearing forces

Answer 29

Strike-Slip Forces

Question 30

combination of any type of fault, some consider this as a 4th type of fault

Answer 30

Oblique-Slip Fault

Question 31

point inside the earth where the earthquake started, sometimes called the HYPOCENTER

Answer 31

Focus

Question 32

point on the surface of the earth directly above the focus

Answer 32

Epicenter

Question 33

energy waves that are generated by an earthquake or explosion and propagate within the earth or on its surface

Answer 33

Seismic Waves

Question 34

travel through the interior of the Earth and have a frequency higher than the surface wave

Answer 34

Body Waves

Question 35

have a lower frequency than body waves can be easily distinguished on a seismogram shallow earthquakes produce stronger surface waves; waves are reduced in deeper earthquakes

Answer 35

Surface Waves

Question 36

fastest kind of seismic waves and the first to arrive at a seismic station can move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the Earth squished and stretches the rock it moves through just like sound waves compress and expand the air as they move through

Answer 36

Primary Waves

Question 37

P waves are also known as ______, because they push and pull

Answer 37

Compressional Waves

Question 38

about 1.7 times slower than a P wave because this only move through solid and moves up and down, or side-to-side, and are always perpendicular at the direction that the wave is travelling

Answer 38

Secondary Waves

Question 39

produce entirely horizontal motion the amplitude is largest at the surface and diminishes with greater depth

Answer 39

Love Waves

Question 40

Love waves named after _______, who worked out the mathematical model for this wave type in 1911

Answer 40

Augustus Edward Hough Love

Question 41

this type of surface waves that rolls, moves the ground up and down, and forward and backward in the direction that the wave is moving

Answer 41

Rayleigh Waves

Question 42

Rayleigh Waves named for ______, who mathematically predicted the existence of this kind of wave in 1885

Answer 42

John William Strutt “Lord Rayleigh”

Question 43

visible offset of the ground surface when an earthquake rupture along a fault affects the Earth’s surface

Answer 43

Ground Rupture

Question 44

occurs when sediments behave like a liquid during strong ground shaking

Answer 44

Liquefaction

Question 45

considered the most dangerous type of ground failure due to liquefaction this occurs in liquefiable slope material with steepness greater than 3 degrees blocks overlying material slide down so fast as much as 10km/hr

Answer 45

Flow Failure

Question 46

blocks or broken pieces of flat or very gentle ground (less than 3 degrees) above a liquified zone move laterally

Answer 46

Lateral Spreading

Question 47

due to the flat or nearly flat slope, the ground is unable to spread and instead oscillates like a wave

Answer 47

Ground Oscillation

Question 48

loss of strength sediments resulting intilting of houses and floating of buoyant structures that are anchored on the liquefied zone

Answer 48

Loss of Bearing Strength

Question 49

verticle readjustment or settlement within the liquefied zone as a result of dissipation of pore-water pressure

Answer 49

Settlement

Question 50

downslope movement of soil, rock, and debris due to ground-shaking generated by an earthquake

Answer 50

Earthquakes Induced Landslide

Question 51

part of landslide which is the area where the slope initially failed

Answer 51

Source Zone

Question 52

area where the slope material travels downslope

Answer 52

Transport Zone

Question 53

area where the slope material gets transported and is likely to accumulate and settle

Answer 53

Depositional Zone

Question 54

falls are sudden movements of loads of soil, debris, and rock that break away from slopes and cliffs

Answer 54

Rock Fall

Question 55

kind of a mass movement whereby the sliding material breakaways form underlying stable material

Answer 55

Slides

Question 56

rotational slides are also known as ______ as they move with rotation

Answer 56

Slumps

Question 57

occur when the topple fails takes places around an axis near or at the bottom of the block of rock

Answer 57

Topples

Question 58

commonly known as lateral spreads and takes place on gentle terrains via lateral extension followed by tensile fractures

Answer 58

Spreads

Question 59

most prevalent occurring landslides are rock falls and debris flow

Answer 59

Flows

Question 60

also known as seismic waves, are massive oceans that are typically caused by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslide

Answer 60

Tsunami

Question 61

area where an oceanic plate is being forced down into the mantle by plate tectonic forces

Answer 61

Subduction Zone

Question 62

tsunamis are _______ consisting of multiple waves

Answer 62

Wave Trains

Question 63

geological features that result from the accumulation and release of magma or molten rock from beneath the Earth’s surface

Answer 63

Volcano

Question 64

collective term for all airborne or groundflowing pyroclastic including solidified magma

Answer 64

Tephra

Question 65

high viscosity explosive, cools quickly not usually a major hazard flows in channels or is slow enough to move away from it

Answer 65

Cone

Question 66

low viscosity (flows far)

Answer 66

Lava Shield

Question 67

explode out of cone volcanoes and can travel many miles ranging in size from stones to house sized boulders

Answer 67

Lava Bomb

Question 68

this can occur due to heat from the mantle, subduction of tectonic plates, or other geological processes

Answer 68

Magma Generation

Question 69

molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface, forms through the melting of rock in the Earth’s mantle or crust

Answer 69

Magma

Question 70

as magma accumulates beneath the Earth’s surface, it begins to rise towards the surface due to its lower density compared to surrounding rocks

Answer 70

Magma Migration

Question 71

magma may accumulate in a reservoir known as a magma chamber

Answer 71

Formation of Magma Chamber

Question 72

eruption may begin with precursor events, such as the opening of vents, small phreatic eruptions (steam-driven explosions), or the extrusion of lava flows

Answer 72

Effusive Eruption

Question 73

highly explosive, characterized by the rapid release of gas and magma this can lead to the formation of volcanic plumes, pyroclastic flows, and ashfall

Answer 73

Explosive Eruption

Question 74

prior to an eruption, there may be increased seismic activity, including small earthquakes and tremors caused by the movement of magma

Answer 74

Seismic Activity

Question 75

volcanic gasses, such as sulfur dioxide, may be released from the volcano’s vent or fissures, indicating increased volcanic activity

Answer 75

Gas Emissions

Question 76

laws flows cool and solidify, forming new volcanic rock

Answer 76

Lava Cooling and Solidification

Question 77

volcanic ash settles on the ground, sometimes covering large areas and affecting agriculture, transportation, and infrastracture

Answer 77

Ash Deposition

Question 78

the eruption may result in the formation of new volcanic landforms such as lava fields, cinder cones, and calderas

Answer 78

Volcanic Landforms

Question 79

lava flows can destroy everything in their path, including buildings, vegetation, and infrastracture

Answer 79

Lava Flows

Question 80

these fast-moving clouds of hot gas, ash, and volcanic debris can travel downslope at high speeds, incineration everything in their path

Answer 80

Pyroclastic Flows

Question 81

volcanic ash can blanket large areas, causing respiratory problems, ice on a volcano’s slope

Answer 81

Ashfall

Question 82

volcanic mudflows that can occur during damaging crops, and disrupting transportation and infrastructure (amoy bulok na itlog)

Answer 82

Lahars

Question 83

volcanic gases such as sulfur dioxide can contribute to air pollution and have adverse effects on human health and the environment

Answer 83

Gas Emissions

Question 85

the poor are the most prone to disasters like earthquakes and typhoons because of the structures they live in which are unreinforced and poorly built

Answer 85

Social and Political Impact

Question 86

when was Mt. Pinatabuo erupted

Answer 86

June 12, 1991