Lesson 1: Ancient worlds and Philosophy Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is the definition of philosophy
The love of knowledge
Philosophy comes from/has its roots in which society?
Ancient Greece
Philosophy’s ways of thinking transition from what old way to which new way?
The ways of thinking transition from MYTHOLOGICAL thinking in Ancient Greece (using supernatural to explain the world and events) to LOGICAL thinking (Seeking out natural explanations)
What did pre-socratic philosophers do or seek out to better understand the world?
They tried to find one substance that was fundamental to all things (physis)
Define Physis
One substance fundamental to all things
Give a simple definition of Physis
Natural development (in terms of the universe)
Who are the three philosophers in post-socratic philosophy?
Socrates, Plato and Aristotle
What will Socrates teach or discuss?
He will teach dialect: a discussion in search of different perspectives to find the essence of things
What will Plato discuss?
Plato (the student or socrates) will discuss the hierarchy of knowledge and how difficult it is to teach/bring such knowledge to others
What will Aristotle discuss?
He will discuss biology: the understanding of the world around us through understanding nature
What happens when one understand the world around us (through nature) ?
The world becomes a knowable place
Greek medicine will be discussed through who?
Galen and Hippocrates
What civilization is the epicentre of western philosophy?
Greek civilization
Which civilization becomes a powerhouse and allows the rise of what?
The Roman civilization who introduces and allows for the rise of christianity
Give three reasons christianity becomes the most discussed religion in philosophy?
- The Christian church is responsible for slowing the advancements of science
- The church stigmatizes and spark long lasting ideas of mental illness
- Believed that mental illness comes from evil entities, the struggle between the body and the soul and introduces negative ideas of women
What will happen during the period of the dark ages?
The western world will revert back to mythological thinking instead of logical thinking
What causes the reversion back to old mythological thinking?
The fall of Rome
What happened during the islamic golden age that allowed for science to grow and improve?
This time allowed Aristotles writings to not be suppressed, but used and translated. Therefore, mathematics and medicine thrived
What causes us to be less fearful of things?
When we understand then and when they make sense to us
What makes humans less fearful of things?
When we understand them and they make sense to us
