Lesson 1 and 2 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is everything around us made of?
Chemicals. Everything—including you, me, trees, water, and air—is made of chemicals.
What are elements?
Pure substances that cannot be broken down into other substances.
What is an example of a chemical cycle in ecosystems?
Water changing state and moving through ecosystems in a cycle.
What is fertilizer and what is its ratio called?
A substance that enriches soil; the NPK ratio (Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium).
What are pesticides and types of them?
Chemicals that kill pests. Herbicides (weeds), insecticides (insects), fungicides (fungi).
What are organic compounds?
Molecules containing carbon bonded to hydrogen. Examples: fossil fuels, sugar.
What are inorganic compounds?
Compounds that mostly do not contain carbon. Examples: salt, quartz.
What are macronutrients for plants?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.
What are macronutrients for humans?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sulfur.
What are micronutrients? Give examples.
Needed in trace amounts. Examples: selenium, iron, iodide, copper, zinc, vitamins.
What are optimum amounts?
The ideal amount of a substance for best health—too much or too little is harmful.
What are carbohydrates made of?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
What are lipids?
Organic compounds like fats, oils, waxes made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What are proteins made of?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sometimes sulfur. Built from amino acids.
What are nucleic acids and their types?
Complicated molecules made of phosphate, ribose, and bases. Types: DNA and RNA.
What indicates presence of glucose?
Benedict’s solution turns from blue to red/orange/yellow.
What indicates presence of base?
Iodine solution turns blue-black
How do you test for fat/oil?
Use brown paper; fat leaves a translucent spot.
What indicates protein presence?
Biuret solution turns purple/mauve.
