Lesson 1 and 2

Question 1

What is matter made of?

Answer 1

Matter is made of chemicals

Question 2

Define ‘chemical.’

Answer 2

A substance made up of elements

Question 3

What is the NPK ratio in fertilizers?

Answer 3

The percent of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium

Question 4

What are macronutrients?

Answer 4

Chemicals that organisms need in large amounts

Question 5

List four macronutrients necessary for plants.

Answer 5

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen

Question 6

What are micronutrients?

Answer 6

Chemicals that organisms need in small (trace) amounts

Question 7

Give one example of a micronutrient.

Answer 7

Iron

Question 8

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 8

Organic molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 9

Define ‘lipids.’

Answer 9

Organic compounds made up of many carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

Question 10

What are proteins made of?

Answer 10

Nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and sometimes sulfur

Question 11

What are nucleic acids?

Answer 11

The largest and most complicated molecules found in living things

Question 12

How is glucose tested?

Answer 12

Using Benedict’s solution, which turns from blue to yellow/orange/red

Question 13

What is leachate?

Answer 13

A solution formed when water moves through soil and dissolves substances

Question 14

What is groundwater?

Answer 14

Water found beneath the surface in the spaces between rock and soil

Question 15

What is nitrogen fixation?

Answer 15

The process of changing free nitrogen into ammonia

Question 16

What is the role of denitrifying bacteria?

Answer 16

Converting nitrate back into free nitrogen

Question 17

Define ‘sewage.’

Answer 17

Wastewater from kitchens, bathrooms, and laundry

Question 18

What does a pH less than 7 indicate?

Answer 18

The solution is acidic

Question 19

What does a pH greater than 7 indicate?

Answer 19

The solution is basic

Question 20

What is neutralization?

Answer 20

When acids and bases react to create a neutral solution and a salt and water

Question 21

What is acid rain?

Answer 21

Rain that has become more acidic due to industrial chemicals

Question 22

What is the pH range of the pH scale?

Answer 22

0 to 14

Question 23

What are biological indicators of water quality?

Answer 23

Organisms that help determine water quality

Question 24

What does ppm stand for?

Answer 24

Parts per million

Question 25

Fill in the blank: Organic compounds are molecules that contain _______.

Answer 25

carbon bonded to hydrogen

Question 26

List two examples of organic compounds.

Answer 26

* Fossil fuels * Sugar

Question 27

What is the role of the water table?

Answer 27

It indicates the top of the groundwater zone

Question 28

What happens to a solution with pH 3 compared to pH 4?

Answer 28

It is 10 times more acidic

Question 29

What is the effect of excess nitrogen or phosphorus in effluent?

Answer 29

It can lead to water quality issues

Question 30

What is the importance of testing soil for nutrients?

Answer 30

To check levels of nutrients impacting plant growth

Question 31

What compounds are produced when sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide are mixed?

Answer 31

Water and salt

Question 32

What are biological indicators of water quality?

Answer 32

Aquatic invertebrates; invertebrates are animals without backbones including worms, shrimp, and mollusks

Question 33

How are chemicals in the environment measured?

Answer 33

In parts per million (ppm)

Question 34

What does 1 ppm of chlorine mean?

Answer 34

For every 1 part of chlorine, there are 1 million parts of the chlorine/water solution

Question 35

Calculate the concentration in ppm of 25 defective toys in a shipment of 1,000 toys.

Answer 35

25,000 ppm

Question 36

What is the concentration in ppm if you add 1 mL of food coloring to 99 mL of water?

Answer 36

10,000 ppm

Question 37

What are parts per billion and parts per trillion?

Answer 37

Measurements used by scientists for lower concentrations

Question 38

What is the significance of dissolved oxygen in water?

Answer 38

Necessary for aquatic life

Question 39

What factors influence the level of dissolved oxygen?

Answer 39

* Temperature * Turbulence due to moving water * Amount of photosynthesis by plants and algae * Number of organisms using up the oxygen

Question 40

How do nitrogen and phosphorus affect dissolved oxygen levels?

Answer 40

They can lead to algal blooms that deplete oxygen when decomposed

Question 41

What pH level is harmful to fish in lakes and rivers?

Answer 41

Less than 4.5

Question 42

What is spring acid shock?

Answer 42

Occurs when melted snow enters waterways and drops the pH

Question 43

What can pesticides lead to in the environment?

Answer 43

Pesticide-resistant insects

Question 44

Define toxicity.

Answer 44

Describes how poisonous a substance is

Question 45

What does LD50 stand for?

Answer 45

Lethal dose-50%

Question 46

What are heavy metals?

Answer 46

Mercury, copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, and nickel

Question 47

What is the impact of heavy metals on children?

Answer 47

Can cause permanent brain damage

Question 48

What are five categories of water use that governments set guidelines for?

Answer 48

Drinking, recreation, agriculture, industry, and aquatic life

Question 49

What is the effect of spring acid shock on aquatic organisms?

Answer 49

It drops the pH and can lead to fish deaths

Question 50

What happens when a high concentration of phosphorus enters a water system?

Answer 50

It can lead to algal blooms and depletion of dissolved oxygen

Question 51

How far do waterborne chemicals scatter in water?

Answer 51

Depends on several factors including source, chemical characteristics, solubility, and currents

Question 52

What are two ways that chemical pollutants could be carried far from their sources?

Answer 52

* Airborne transport * Water runoff

Question 53

What techniques can change the concentration of pollutants?

Answer 53

* Dispersion * Dilution * Biodegradation * Phytoremediation * Photolysis