lesson 1 and 2, 2.1 Flashcards
(89 cards)
1
Q
Reading and Researching Across Disciplines
A
A. Reading Across Disciplines: Learning From the Content Areas b. Strategic reading for meaning C. Strategic readers: successful readers
2
Q
in order
to benefit from the wide array of information, strategic reading and
thinking strategies will be employed.
A
A. Reading Across Disciplines: Learning
From the Content Areas
3
Q
It is an effective way of understanding a text by
employing strategies to understand content and
structure better, which will result in reading
proficiency.
A
b. Strategic reading for meaning
4
Q
Studies shows that strategic readers have a higher
success rate not only in reading but also in learning
because they have awareness of the cognitive
process involved in reading.
A
C. Strategic readers: successful
readers
5
Q
C. Strategic readers: successful
readers
Brown and Briggs lists four characteristics of strategic
readers:
A
- They set a purpose for reading.
- They employ reading strategies appropriate to a specific
text. - They check their understanding of the text.
- They show a positive attitude toward reading.
6
Q
METHODS OF
PARAGRAPH
DEVELOPMENT
A
- Definition
- illustration
- description
- Process analysis
- Compare and contrast
- Cause and effect
- CLASSIFICATION
7
Q
It explores a subject matter fully by presenting both denotation (dictionary meaning) and connotation and by distinguishing the subject from other topics to clearly draw distinction.
A
- Definition
8
Q
meaning from dictionary
A
denotative
9
Q
operational definition of words
A
connotative
10
Q
It explains or clarifies a subject by presenting
examples to support a general statement.
A
- illustration
11
Q
illustration is also called
A
exemplification
12
Q
transitional signals in illustration
A
for instance, to illustrate, another example
13
Q
visualize the subject and get the dominant
impression of the text.
A
- description
14
Q
Often adjectives are
used in ____
A
- description
15
Q
It shows how to do something or how
something works by analyzing and
presenting the steps in an orderly
sequence.
A
- Process analysis
16
Q
in process analysis shows how
something works by analyzing and
presenting the steps with the help of?
A
graphic organizer
17
Q
example of graphic organizer
A
flow chart and ordinals
18
Q
It explains two ideas/objects by showing
their similarities and differences.
A
Compare and contrast
19
Q
usually used in compare and contrast instead of sentence
A
venn diagram
20
Q
It analyses why something happened
and what the consequences are or
might be.
A
Cause and effect
21
Q
you could express cause and effect with the use of ____ instead of sentence
A
fish bone diagram
22
Q
It works by clustering objects, people,
or events on the basis of their
similarities and characteristics thus
forming categories.
A
classification
23
Q
you could use ____ instead of words in classification
A
tree map and hierarchy map
24
Q
Aside from knowing the structure of text, another
valuable reading strategy you can use to maximize
learning is?
A
getting the main idea of a passage.
25
main idea is also called ____
thesis statement.
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Here are few reminders about what a thesis statement is:
1. It is expressed as a complete sentence. Not a phrase,
topic, title, or question.
2. It expresses an opinion, attitude or view regarding a
topic.
3. It is not a statement of fact or an announcement.
4. It is not too broad nor too specific.
27
The ______ of a text, which usually
expressed as the first or last sentence of the first
paragraph (introduction) provides an overview of
what the passage will be about.
thesis statement
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Another kind of main idea, which
comes from the thesis statement and
discusses a more focussed/specific
idea, is referred to as
topic sentence.
29
```
is usually
expressed at the sentence of every
paragraph- the unifying thought that is
expounded on in the paragraph by
using supporting details.
```
topic sentence
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Here are few reminders about what a thesis statement is:
1. It is express in a complete sentence
2. Thesis statement expresses opinion, attitude, or view regarding a topic.
3. Thesis statement is not an announcement nor statement of fact.
4. Thesis statement is not too broad or too specific
31
PURPOSES AND TYPES
OF ACADEMIC AND
PROFESSIONAL
WRITING
1. To report findings from
research endeavours
2. To discuss a concept to a
greater populace
3. To formulate a solution to
a problem
4. To evaluate programs and
personnel
32
```
an analytic, interpretative, or critical
literary composition usually much
shorter and less systematic and
formal than a dissertation or thesis
and usually dealing with its subject
from a limited and often personal
point of view.
```
ESSAY
33
A shorter piece of
research, either
individual or group work,
with the topic chosen by...
paper
34
```
It is a lengthy piece of writing
normally done by a student
often for a higher degree, on a
chosen topic by the student and
approved by the instructor.
```
THESIS/DISSERTATION
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```
It is an inter-office document
distributed to inform
employees, request that
gives responses, confirm
decisions, and provide...
```
memorandum
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```
It is an official workplace
document that presents and
analyses data to provide
information and
recommendations.
```
report
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TYPES OF
| WRITTEN WORK
essay, paper, THESIS/DISSERTATION, memorandum, report
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Written language is relatively more complex
| than spoken language.
complexity
39
Written language has
longer words, it is lexically more dense and it
has a more varied vocabulary.
complexity
40
It uses more
noun-based phrases than verb-based
phrases.
complexity
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Written texts are shorter and the
language has more grammatical complexity,
including more subordinate clauses and more
complexity
42
Academic writing is relatively
| formal.
formality
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In academic writing,
facts and figures are
given precisely.
precision
44
Written language is in general objective
| rather than personal.
objectivity
45
It therefore has fewer
| words that refer to the writer or the reader.
objectivity
46
This means that the main emphasis should
be on the information that you want to give
and the arguments you want to make, rather
than you.
objectivity
47
Academic writing is explicit about the
| relationships in the text.
explicitness
48
Furthermore, it is
the responsibility of the writer in English
to make it clear to the reader how the
various parts of the text are related.
explicitness
49
These connections can be made explicit
| by the use of different signaling words.
explicitness
50
Academic writing uses
| vocabulary accurately.
accuracy
51
Most
subjects have words with narrow
specific meanings.
accuracy
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Linguistics
distinguishes clearly between
"phonetics" and "phonemics";
accuracy
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```
In any kind of academic writing you
do, it is necessary to make decisions
about your stance on a particular
subject, or the strength of the claims
you are making.
```
hedging
54
In academic writing you must be
responsible for, and must be able to
provide evidence and justification for,
any claims you make.
responsibility
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Academic writing is well organised.
organization
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```
Academic writing is well planned.
It usually takes place after
research and evaluation,
according to a specific purpose
and plan.
```
planning
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in planning, the list of things you need to do:
1. history
2. definition/descriptions
3. example
4. importance
5. advantages
6. disadvantages
7. conclusion
58
FEATURES OF
ACADEMIC AND
PROFESSIONAL
WRITING
complexity, formality, precision, objectivity, explicitness, accuracy, hedging, responsibility, organization, planning
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The rhetorical situation
| in writing
purpose, audience, topic, writer, context
60
```
Consider what the purpose of the
writing is. Are you writing to
inform, evaluate, analyze, or
convince? Each of these
purposes carries specific
conventions and dictates how the...
```
purpose
61
```
When writing anything, consider
who is being addressed.
_____ bring in their own
perspectives, biases,
experiences, and expectations,
which can make writing for a...
```
audience
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In general this means
that in an essay you should
avoid colloquial words and
expressions.
formality
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For that reason, academic writing
| tends to use nouns (and adjectives), rather...
objectivity
64
Different subjects
| prefer to do this in different ways.
hedging
65
You are also
responsible for demonstrating an
understanding of any source texts
responsibility
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It
flows easily from one section to the
next in a logical fashion.
organization
67
A good
place to start is the genre of your
text.
organization
68
Once you have decided on the
| genre, the structure is easily..
organization
69
is the content of your writing.
topic
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may be self-selected or
assigned, but writers should try and find
an angle that they are motivated to write
about.
topic
71
the___ should also be broad
enough to fit the assignment’s
parameters and specific enough to go...
topic
72
just like their audience, are influenced by a
number of things, like their age, locations, perspective,
bias, culture, experiences, and expectations.
writer
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may need to consider whether the traits they are
bringing in will have a positive or negative outcome on
their audience.
writer
74
For example, even if you are particularly
passionate about a topic, you may have to show
restraint in expressing those views to more effectively
convince an audience. Your writing must connect with...
writer
75
```
describes the
circumstances surrounding the
writing, which include the time
(when the text was written),
location (blog, academic journal,
etc.), and the culture surrounding...
```
context
76
Spotting the ____ helps prepare the readers for the content
of the material and allows them to activate their
prior knowledge about the topic.
thesis statement
77
The ____ of a text refers to the most important
| concept the writer wishes to impart to the readers.
main idea/thesis statement
78
in academic writing we should be? to prove the hypothesis/theory
1. we can't be biased
| 2. only facts
79
what is KISS
keep it straight and simple
80
relative information
precision
81
refers to the degree of formality of language use.
Register
82
pertains to the writer’s attitude or treatment of the
| subject matter.
Tone
83
To achieve formality, keep this in mind:
1. Avoid contractions.
2. Avoid figurative language
3. Observe rules in writing numbers and acronyms.
Rule #1 – Numbers <100 should be written in words.
Rule #2 – Numbers >100 should be written in numbers.
Rule #3 – Acronyms are not accepted.
4. Slang and colloquial expressions.
5. Consider the type, purpose, and reader of the written
output in choosing the appropriate point of view.
84
The writer avoids expressing personal opinions about the
| subject matter and resort to facts presenting evidence.
OBJECTIVITY
85
In objectivity Avoid expressions like? and use third person only
I believe, in my opinion, I think
86
Any type of academic and professional writing generally
follows an organized structure and format, which guides the
readers in understanding the text.
STRUCTURE
87
Essays are divided into
introduction, body, and conclusion.
88
Practice of caution between facts and claims.
hedging
89
A technique used by an author by resorting to tentative
| language.
hedging
