Lesson 1/Chapter 1 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Hypothesis
A general statement about the way variables relate that is objectively falsifiable
Empirical
Able to be tested in objective ways
Theories
Ideas about laws that govern phenomena
Biases
Distorted beliefs based on a person’s subjective sense of reality
Deductive reasoning
Reasoning proceeding from broad basic principles applied to specific situations
Solemn ceremonies related to myths & involve sacred or customary ways of celebrating important religious/social occasions in a given culture
Rituals
Stories of forgotten origin that seek to explain or rationalize the fundamental mysteries of life that are universal
Myths
German philosopher & physicist who is considered to be one of the founders of experimental psychology
Gustav Fechner (1801-1887)
Which philosopher believed that we learn by our experiences?
John Locke (1632-1704)
The first of the modern philosophers who viewed all truths as ultimately linked & believed that the natural world could be understood through science & mathematics
Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
A philosophical approach that studies the structure of conscious experience
Structuralism
A method of psychological study involving careful evaluation of mental processes & how simple thoughts expand into complex ideas
Introspection
A philosophical approach that considers how mental processes function to adapt to changing environments
Functionalism
The field of psychology arguing that we have inborn tendencies to structure what we see in particular ways & to structure our perceptions into broad perceptual units
Gestault psychology
William James’ philosophical approach
Functionalism
Personal awareness of ongoing mental processes, behaviours, & environmental events
Consciousness
A theory in which will is regarded as the ultimate agency in human behaviour; belief that much of behaviour is motivated & that attention is focused for an explicit purpose
Voluntarism
The father of experimental psychology
Wilhem Wundt (1832-1920)
Which philosopher was widely regarded as the creator of empiricism?
Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
What is analyzed at the level of the brain?
How brain structure & brain cell activity differ from person to person & situation to situation
What is analyzed at the level of the person?
How the content of the individual’s mental processes form & influence behaviour
What is analyzed at the level of the group?
How behaviour is shaped by the social & cultural environments
Observable actions of an organism, often is response to environmental cues
Behaviour
Activities of our brain when engaged in thinking, observing the environment & using language
Mental processes
