Lesson 1: Doing Philosophy

Question 1

Philosophy comes from the Greek words: ______ (____) and ______ (______)

Answer 1

philos (love), sophia (wisdom)

Question 2

which were used by ancient Greeks to refer to…

Answer 2

“love of wisdom”

Question 3

and soon applied it to the study or
discipline that…

Answer 3

uses human reason to
investigate the ultimate, causes,
reasons, and principles which govern all
things.

Question 4

Philosophers are people who engage in ___________
“______ __ __________”

Answer 4

philosophy, “lovers of wisdom”

Question 5

__________ is the birthplace of philosophy in the West.

Answer 5

Greece

Question 6

To be more precise it is the
ancient Greek city of _________ in the Western
coast of what is now
________ that gave birth to
philosophy.

Answer 6

Miletus, Turkey

Question 7

It is in this city that the first philosopher in the West,
_______, lived.

Answer 7

Miletus/Turkey, THALES

Question 8

_________ was an ancient _______ philosopher from ______ who lived in
the ___________________. _______the philosopher is known for proposing that
water was the fundamental principle of the universe; and he attempted
to create a theory that would explain the natural world.

Answer 8

Thales, Greek, Miletus, 6th century BCE

Question 9

a philosopher whose desire is to know
the ultimate stuff that makes up the
different things we perceived.

Answer 9

Thales

Question 10

He believed that there is one
underlying stuff or substance in
which everything is composed.

Answer 10

Thales

Question 11

______________. He reduce the multiplicity into a unity. (_______)

Answer 11

One in the Many, Thales

Question 12

Primarily concerned with uncovering the truth
through systematic argumentation and theory.

Answer 12

Western
Philosophy

Question 13

There is greater emphasis on the use of
_______ rather than faith, and an increased
focus on man as an individual

Answer 13

REASON, Western Philosophy

Question 14

Western Philosophy is a more scientific….

Answer 14

theory-based approach
a more individualistic, self-oriented
approach

Question 15

_________ were an important group that emerged
and influenced learning in Ancient Greece.

Answer 15

SOPHISTS

Question 16

…teachers who traveled throughout
Greece and taught people who wish to
learn.

Answer 16

SOPHISTS

Question 17

…done through discussion and argument, and
the sophists are excellent public speakers

Answer 17

Western Philosophy, SOPHISTS

Question 18

Met resistance from another
group of thinkers

Answer 18

SOPHISTS

Question 19

Teaching and learning should be
an opportunity to learn the truth
of all things in this world, and all
real wisdom should strive to
achieve truth aside from
knowledge.

Answer 19

Memo

Question 20

arguments and discussion
must be based on sound reasoning

Answer 20

PHILOSOPHOS

Question 21

CENTRAL BELIEF:

Answer 21

Man need not know all things
in the world, but one must
continue to inquire and seek
to understand and learn about
human condition.

Question 22

The philosophers became pioneers in various field of knowledge
such as

Answer 22

history, biology, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, and
even physics.

Question 23

a mathematician and
scientist, credited with
formulating the
Pythagorean Theorem.

Answer 23

PYTHAGORAS (570BCE – 495 BCE)

Question 24

established a community
of learners devoted to the
study of religion and
philosophy

Answer 24

PYTHAGORAS (570BCE – 495 BCE)

Question 25

He proposed that everything that exists is based on a higher order or plan which he called ______

Answer 25

HERACLITUS (535 BCE – 475 BCE), logos

Question 26

is permanent aspect of the human condition

Answer 26

change

Question 27

“No man ever steps on the same river twice”

Answer 27

HERACLITUS (535 BCE – 475 BCE)

Question 28

He devoted himself to studying the causes of _______ __________

Answer 28

DEMOCRITUS, natural phenomena.

Question 29

He was among the first to propose that matter is composed of tiny particles called _____

Answer 29

DEMOCRITUS, ATOMS

Question 30

a known advocate of living a ________ and ________ _____

Answer 30

DIOGENES OF SINOPE, simple and virtuous life

Question 31

“one should not only talk of virtue but should show it in words and actions”

Answer 31

DIOGENES OF SINOPE

Question 32

his emphasis on austerity and simplicity often went to the extreme and was said to have lived like a beggar

Answer 32

DIOGENES OF SINOPE

Question 33

First philosopher in the west

Answer 33

DIOGENES OF SINOPE

Question 34

He believed that philosophy could enable man to live a life of ___________

Answer 34

EPICURUS, happiness

Question 35

his views gave rise to ____________

Answer 35

EPICURUS, Epicureanism

Question 36

a school of philosophy which believes that wisdom and simple living will result in a life free of fear and pain.

Answer 36

Epicureanism

Question 37

He was considered the foremost philosopher of ancient times.

Answer 37

SOCRATES (470 BCE – 399 BCE)

Question 38

he did not claim to be “wise” and merely considered himself a “________” that helped inquiring minds achieve wisdom

Answer 38

SOCRATES, midwife

Question 39

believed that philosophy could enable a man to live a life of ________

Answer 39

SOCRATES, virtue

Question 40

formulated the Socratic Method

Answer 40

SOCRATES

Question 41

a means of examining a topic by devising a series of questions that let the learner examine and anlyze his knowledge and views regarding the topic

Answer 41

Socratic Method

Question 42

a student of Socrates, he wrote down his mentor’s teachings and incorporated some of his own ideas

Answer 42

PLATO (427 BCE – 347 BCE)

Question 43

his teachings and writings were considered the foundation of Western philosophy

Answer 43

PLATO

Question 44

a method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to arrive at new knowledge

Answer 44

DIALECTIC

Question 45

can only be perceived in the mind

Answer 45

THEORY OF FORMS

Question 46

an institution of higher learning which was the first of its kind in the Western World

Answer 46

Founded the Academy (PLATO)

Question 47

he attended the academy and prominent student of Plato

Answer 47

ARISTOTLE

Question 48

all ideas and views are based on ________ and our reality is based on what we can sense and perceive

Answer 48

ARISTOTLE, perception

Question 49

studied logic that led to the formulation of a formal process of analyzing reasoning which gave rise to ___________ __________

Answer 49

ARISTOTLE, deductive reasoning

Question 50

the process of which specific statements are analyzed to reach a conclusion or generalization

Answer 50

deductive reasoning

Question 51

Consists of schools of thought which are often closely tied with _________ ________.

Answer 51

Eastern Philosophy, RELIGIOUS BELIEFS

Question 52

…described as “______” literature where stories, sayings, and texts encourage people to adopt an ethical and harmonious way life.

Answer 52

Eastern Philosophy, WISDOM

Question 53

Eastern philosophies are classified according to ________ (belief in Supreme Being) and _____________.

Answer 53

Theistic, Nontheistic

Question 54

for the ____, _______ signifies the end of the eternal cycle of reincarnation

Answer 54

East, Nirvana

Question 55

For the ____, ________ must be accounted for within this lifetime

Answer 55

West, Everything

Question 56

what was that called

Answer 56

Wheel of Life

Question 57

Main focus of Eastern and Western Philo

Answer 57

West: Knowledge, explicit East: behavior, implicit

Question 58

Methods of Eastern and Western Philo

Answer 58

West: criticism, conceptual analysis East: cooperation, therapeutic

Question 59

Terms of Eastern and Western Philo

Answer 59

West: Precise, logical East: dynamic, organic

Question 60

Individual of Eastern and Western Philo

Answer 60

West: fact, control East: insight, contentment

Question 61

Society of Eastern and Western Philo

Answer 61

west: resistance, division east: submission, collaboration

Question 62

Thales greatest contribution is the problem he posed:

Answer 62

“What is the ultimate stuff of the universe?”

Question 63

Philosophical activity is characterized by three things:

Answer 63

1. Scope of philosophy involves the widest generalizations. 2. Philosophy is all about fundamentals. A fundamental is the root cause that explains almost everything in a given context. 3. Philosophy is driven by the desire to integrate things in to a one coherent whole.

Question 64

We all have the potential to philosophize since we have the tendency to

Answer 64

wonder and doubt.

Question 65

We possess the capacity to reflect on our experiences, and we have a never- ending need to

Answer 65

learn and discover.

Question 66

The need to philosophize is traced to a person’s _________ (______) and ______ (__________), ________________________________ (_____ _______), and the ____________.

Answer 66

sense of wonder (Plato), doubt (Rene Descartes), the need to make sense of challenging experiences (Karl Jaspers), love for wisdom

Question 67

One way of looking at Philosophy is to consider it a

Answer 67

way of analyzing frameworks.

Question 68

Internal questions –

Answer 68

dealing with our own correctness and values

Question 69

External questions –

Answer 69

seek to question the very frameworks upon which people base their own belies and views

Question 70

Philosophy can also be thought of as an

Answer 70

examination of a particular area of knowledge

Question 71

Central principle of philosophy is

Answer 71

examination and questioning

Question 72

fundamental principles that guide scientific thought

Answer 72

Philosophy of science

Question 73

examines basic tenets of any faith

Answer 73

Philosophy of religion

Question 74

the other 2 philosophies

Answer 74

Philosophy of education Philosophy of law

Question 75

Philosophy itself is a

Answer 75

distinct area of knowledge with its own goal, concerns, and way of doing things.

Question 76

nature of man

Answer 76

Philosophy of the Human Person

Question 77

deals with beauty and what make things “beautiful”

Answer 77

Aesthetics

Question 78

deals with correct reasoning

Answer 78

Logic –

Question 79

discusses the nature of knowledge and knowing

Answer 79

Epistemology –

Question 80

deals with moral questions and dilemmas

Answer 80

Ethics

Question 81

governments (justice, power etc)

Answer 81

Political philosophy –

Question 82

deals with questions regarding reality and existence.

Answer 82

Metaphysics –

Question 83

Philosophy is a _________ and ___________ activity, and it has no designated subject matter of its own.

Answer 83

reflective and meditative

Question 84

Rather it is a method of ______________ on any type of experience.

Answer 84

mental exercise

Question 85

Two important facts about philosophizing:

Answer 85

Philosophy is a reflective and meditative activity, and it has no designated subject matter of its own. Rather it is a method of mental exercise on any type of experience.

Question 86

Philosophy uses _______to arrive at a certain knowledge or truth

Answer 86

reason

Question 87

Philosophical tools and processes

Answer 87

Philosophical Questions Logical Reasoning

Question 88

Philosophy was born because of _________

Answer 88

IGNORANCE

Question 89

__________ is about answering questions

Answer 89

Philosophy

Question 90

________ is the method we use in doing philosophy.

Answer 90

Reasoning

Question 91

…is the process that would aide in understanding the holistic point of view of what is going on around us. …it is an activity that requires a person to examine his/her thoughts, feelings and actions and learn from experience.

Answer 91

REFLECTION

Question 92

…is the act of giving time to think about the meaning and purpose of life. -________

Answer 92

Philosophical Reflection, Gabriel Marcel

Question 93

the ability to think logically.

Answer 93

PRIMARY REFLECTION

Question 94

enables us to look deeper into our experiences and see the bigger picture of reality.

Answer 94

SECONDARY REFLECTION

Question 95

drives the need of a philosopher to question, examine, and learn more.

Answer 95

SENSE OF WONDER

Question 96

questioning perspective if indeed these ideas or views are correct or true.

Answer 96

DOUBT

Question 97

Jaspers believed that man is often confronted by experiences which challenge his ideas and frameworks.

Answer 97

EXPERIENCE

Question 98

to love wisdom is to have an insatiable desire for truth

Answer 98

LOVE FOR WISDOM

Question 99

…does not seek knowledge to claim ownership of it. …seeks to continue to question, probe, and to discuss in order to get to the bottom of things.

Answer 99

PHILOSOPHER

Question 100

I know that I do not know… - __________

Answer 100

-SOCRATES