Lesson 1 (FINALS) Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
Vital signs also called as…
A
Cardinal Signs
2
Q
Measurements of the body’s most basic functions
A
Vital Signs
3
Q
Enumerate the four main vital signs routinely monitored by medical professionals and health care providers
A
- Body temperature
- Pulse rate
- Respiration rate
- Blood pressure
4
Q
This is not considered a vital sign but is often measured along with the vital signs
A
Blood Pressure
5
Q
Rate of breathing
A
Respiration Rate
6
Q
Useful in detecting or monitoring medical problems
A
Vital Signs
7
Q
It can be measured in a medical setting, at home, at the site of a medical emergency, or elsewhere
A
Vital Signs
8
Q
This is not required for vital signs to be measured
A
Physician’s Order
9
Q
Body temperature is controlled by a small structure in the basal region of the diencephalon of the brain called the…
A
Hypothalamus
10
Q
Hypothalamus also referred to as…
A
Body’s Thermostat
11
Q
When body’s metabolism increases…
A
More heat is produced
12
Q
A patient whose body temperature is elevated above normal limits is said to have a…
A
Fever or Pyrexia
13
Q
The normal body temperature remains almost constant; however, a variation of _____ to _____ above or below the average is within normal limits.
A
0.5º to 1º
14
Q
It is rare for a person to survive with a body temperature between _____ and _____ or below _____.
A
105.8º F (41ºC) and 111.2º F (44ºC) or below 93.2ºF (34ºC).
15
Q
Five areas of the body in which temperature is usually measured
A
- The oral site
- The tympanic site
- The rectal site
- The axillary site
- The skin
16
Q
Is taken by mouth under the tongue
A
Oral Temperature
17
Q
The average oral temperature is…
A
98.6 (37ºC)
18
Q
Is taken in the axilla or armpit.
A
Axillary Temperature
19
Q
The average axillary temperature is…
A
97.6º to 98 º F (36.4 ºC to 36.7 ºC)
20
Q
Is taken at the anal opening to the rectum.
A
Rectal Temperature
21
Q
The average rectal temperature is…
A
99.6 ºF (37.5 ºC)
22
Q
Is taken inside the ear.
A
Tympanic Temperature
23
Q
An ear (tympanic) temperature is _____ higher than an oral temperature.
A
0.3°C (0.5°F) to 0.6°C (1°F)
23
Q
Also called as an aural thermometer.
A
Tympanic Membrane Thermometer
24
Is a small, hand-held device that measures the temperature of the blood vessels in the tympanic membrane of the ear.
Tympanic Membrane Thermometer/Aural Thermometer
25
In oral temperature, the probe is _____ and held in place until the instrument signals that is has registered temperature.
Under the tongue
26
Safest method of measuring body temperature because it is non-invasive.
Axillary Thermometer
27
Considered to provide the most reliable measurement of the body temperature because factors that can alter the results are minimized.
Rectal Thermometer
28
Normally is taken only on infant patients and not in adults.
Rectal Temperature
29
For rectal temperature, use a thermometer with a...
Blunt tip
30
Never use an _____ to take a rectal temperature.
Oral Thermometer
31
Probe covers are often colored _____ for rectal temperature.
Red
32
It is place on the abdomen or forehead of infants or children to measure temperature.
Temperature-Sensitive Patches
33
A newer method obtaining a temperature is done by _____ the forehead and the back of the ear with a probe.
They are quick and reliable method for obtaining a baseline temperature.
Scanning
34
Normal body temperature for adult in °F
97.8 to 99°F
35
Normal body temperature for child (5 to 13 years) in °F
97.8 to 98.6°F
36
Normal body temperature for infant (3 months to 3 years) in °F
99 to 99.7°F
37
Normal body temperature for adult in °C
36.7 to 37.4°C
38
Normal body temperature for child (5 to 13 years) in °C
36.7 to 37°C
39
Normal body temperature for infant (3 months to 3 years) in °C
37.2 to 37.7°C
40
Over the apex of the heart (heard with a stethoscope).
Apical Pulse
40
As the heart beats, blood is pumped in a pulsating fashion into the arteries. This results in a _____ or _____, of the artery.
Throb or Pulsation
41
Over the carotid artery at the front of the neck.
Carotid Pulse
42
Over the radial artery at the wrists at the base of the thumb.
Radial Pulse
43
At the posterior surface of the knee
Popliteal Pulse
44
Over the femoral artery in the groin
Femoral Pulse
45
Over the temporal artery in front of the ear
Temporal Pulse
46
At the top of the feet in line with the groove between the extensor tendons of the great and the second
Dorsalis Pedis Pulse (Pedal)
47
On the inner side of the ankles
Posterior Tibial Pulse
48
In the groove between the biceps and the triceps muscles above the elbow at the antecubital fossa
Brachial Pulse
49
Normal Average Pulse Rate for adults in beats per minute
60 to 90
50
Normal Average Pulse Rate for child (4 to 10 years) in beats per minute
90 to 100
51
Normal Average Pulse Rate for infant in beats per minute
120
52
Is an abnormally rapid heart rate (over 100 beats per minute).
Tachycardia
53
Is an abnormally slow heart rate (below 60 beats per minute).
Bradycardia
54
For infants and children, the _____ is the most accurate for cardiovascular assessment.
Apical Pulse
55
Equipment needed to assess the pulse includes a _____ and _____ and _____ to record findings.
Watch with a second hand and a pad and pencil
56
Respiration is _____ in newborns and infants.
Quicker
56
For monitoring apical pulse, a _____ that has been cleaned will be needed.
Stethoscope
57
When assessing respiration, observe the _____, _____, _____, and _____.
Rate, depth, quality, and pattern
57
Normal Average Respiration Rate for adult in breaths per minute
15 to 20
58
Normal Average Respiration Rate for infant in breaths per minute
30 to 60
58
Normal diastolic blood pressure is _____ or below.
80 mmHg
59
Force of the blood pushing against the artery walls during contraction and relaxation of the heart.
Blood Pressure
59
Pressure exerted when blood is ejected into arteries.
Systolic Blood Pressure
60
Pressure blood exerts within arteries between heartbeats.
Diastolic Blood Pressure
61
Normal systolic blood pressure is _____ or below.
120 mmHg
62
Both the systolic and diastolic pressures are recorded as...
mmHg/millimeters of mercury
62
Enumerate categorization of blood pressure
1. Normal blood pressure
2. Elevated blood pressure
3. Stage 1 high blood pressure
4. Stage 2 high blood pressure
63
mmHg recording represents how high the mercury column in an old-fashioned manual blood pressure device (called a _____ or _____) is raised by the pressure of the blood.
Mercury manometer or Sphygmomanometer
64
Systolic of 120 to 129 and diastolic less than 80
Elevated Blood Pressure
65
Systolic is 140 or higher or the diastolic is 90 or higher
Stage 2 High Blood Pressure
65
Systolic of less than 120 and diastolic of less than 80 (120/80)
Normal Blood Pressure
65
An equipment in which the blood pressure reading flashes on a small screen, can be used to measure blood pressure.
Digital Monitor
66
Systolic is 130 to 139 or diastolic between 80 to 89
Stage 1 High Blood Pressure
66
An equipment that has a dial gauge and is read by looking at a pointer.
Aneroid Monitor
67
Enumerate the American Heart Association guideline before performing blood pressure monitoring.
1. Don't smoke or drink coffee for 30 minutes before taking your blood pressure.
2. Go to the bathroom before the test.
3. Relax for 5 minutes before taking the measurement.
67
Enumerate the 6 steps for measurement of blood pressure
1. Subject seated on chair and relax for 3-5 minutes
2. Explain the process of recording blood pressure
3. Loosen the tight clothing and place the cuff in the upper arm
4. Place stethoscope and measure pulse over brachial artery
5. Pump the cuff till pulse disappears and deflate till pulse reappears. Record the readings
6. The reading at the reappearance of the pulse is systolic blood pressure and the disappearance of the pulse is diastolic blood pressure
67
Normal values of blood pressure for adult
90 to 120 systolic over 50 to 70 diastolic
67
Normal values of blood pressure for adolescents
85 to 130 systolic over 45 to 85 diastolic
68
Unless _____ is present to do so, vital
signs should be taken by the _____ when
a patient is brought into the diagnostic imaging
department for invasive diagnostic procedure or
treatment, before and after the patient receives
medication, or anytime the patient’s general
condition suddenly changes.
Registered Nurse & Radiographer
69
- It is the responsibility of the _____ to make certain that there is a functioning sphygmomanometer, a stethoscope and the equipment necessary to administer oxygen in each diagnostic imaging room at the beginning of each shift
- Emergencies requiring these items arise, and there is no time to look for this equipment .
Radiographer
70
The normal body temperature of a person varies depending on _____, _____, _____ and _____, _____, and, in women, the stage of the _____
Gender, recent activity, food and fluid consumption, time of day, and, in women, the stage of the menstrual cycle.
71
The _____, _____, _____, _____, _____, _____, _____, _____ and _____ are some factors that influence body temperature
Environment, time of the day, age, hormone level, emotions, physical exercise, digestion of food, disease, and injury
72
The site selected for measuring body temperature
must be chosen with care depending on the
_____, _____ and _____.
Patient’s age, state of mind, and ability to
cooperate in the procedure
73
Because the reading will vary depending on where
it is measured, be sure to specify the _____ used
when reporting the reading.
Example:
* A rectal temperature of 99.6 º F is written 99.6 R.
* An oral temp of 98.6 º F is written 98.6 O.
* An axillary temp of 97.6 º F is written 97.6 Ax.
* A tympanic temp of 97.6 º F is written 97.6 T.
Site
74
Enumerate the following areas where the pulse can be detected most easily...
1. Apical pulse
2. Radial pulse
3. Carotid pulse
4. Femoral pulse
5. Popliteal pulse
6. Temporal pulse
7. Dorsalis Pedis pulse
8. Posterior Tibial pulse
9. Brachial pulse
75
The rate of respiration increases with _____ or _____.
Physical exercise or Emotion.
76
Each time the heart beats, it pumps blood into the arteries, resulting in the _____ pressure as the heart contracts. When the heart relaxes, the blood pressure _____.
Highest blood & Falls
77
High blood pressure, or hypertension, directly increases the risk of _____, _____ and _____.
Heart attack, heart failure, and stroke
78
With high blood pressure, the arteries may have an _____ against the flow of blood, causing the heart to pump harder to circulate the blood
Increased resistance
79
For people with _____, home monitoring allows the doctor to monitor how much the blood pressure changes during the day, and from day to day.
This may also help the doctor determine how effectively the blood pressure medication is working.
Hypertension
80
At areas of the body in which arteries are _____, the pulse can be felt by gently pushing the artery lying beneath the skin against a solid surface such a bone.
Superficial
81
As with other vital signs, it is important to establish a _____ because changes in respiration are often an early sign of threatened physiologic state.
Baseline respiratory rate
