Lesson 1: INTRO TO GENETICS Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is Genetics?
Genetics is a branch of biology that deals with heredity and variation of organisms.
Most human cells contain?
I. 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
II. 2 meters of DNA
III. 20k to 25k genes coding for proteins
IV. approx. 3 billion DNA base pairs set of chromosomes containing the bases: A, T, G and C
What is a gene?
A gene is the unit of hereditary
Reciprocal crossing, what is that?
A crossing strategy between a pair of parents, where the sees and phenotypes are reversed.
What is the largest macromolecule?
DNA
What are the macromolecules?
1.Nucleic acids(DNA and RNA)
2. Carbohydrates
3. Proteins
A DNA molecule can be composed from hundreds or even thousands of millions of building blocks called?
Nucleotides
Where are chromosomes found in a eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus
in living cells, DNA is found where?
In the chromosomes
What are traits?
Traits are any characteristics that an organism displays
Inherited differences in traits are due to?
Genetic Varitaion (why we all look different)
what are living cells composed of?
i. Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
ii. Carbohydrates
iii. Proteins
iv. Lipids
What is a proteome?
This is the entire collection of protein a cell makes at a given time.
It also determines the structure and function of a cell
What does DNA do?
It stores information used to make cellular proteins
what are somatic cells?
They are any cells that make up tissues, organs and structures of the body, excluding reproductive cells
What is a chromosome?
A chromosome is a very long polymer of DNA
What is a DNA sequence?
A sequence of nucleotides
DNA of an average human chromosome is…
A:
i. Extraordinarily long
ii. Linear
iii. DOUBLE-STRANDED structure that contains over a hundred million nucleotides
most human cells, somatic cells, have how many chromosomes?
46 chromosomes
how many chromosomes do gametes have?
- And during fertilization, the two gametes, egg and sperm cells, come together and that union restores the diploid number of chromosomes.
Can you say homologous pairs of chromosomes and 46 chromosomes? Why?
Yes you can. We have 22 pairs of chromosomes, and additional 2, the gametes.
We also have 46 chromosomes. 22 pairs mean we have 22*2 chromosomes which is 44, plus the gametes, egg and sperm cells, which all add up to be 46 chromosomes.
