LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS & LESSON 2: INTRODUCTION TO MORAL DILEMMAS

Question 1

The term “philosophy” is composed of two words:

Answer 1

Philos
Sophia

Question 2

Meaning of philos

Answer 2

Love

Question 3

Meaning of sophia

Answer 3

Wisdom

Question 4

• Composed of many questions; it is a subject that asks questions instead of giving answers

Answer 4

Philosophy

Question 5

Philosophy is a _____ towards the definition of love and wisdom

Answer 5

journey

Question 6

The study of morality of the act

Answer 6

Ethics

Question 7

Standards of which individuals are encouraged to observe in their conduct

Answer 7

Morals

Question 8

Greek origin of the word ‘ethics’

Answer 8

Ethos

Question 9

Meaning of ethos

Answer 9

Character

Question 10

Latin origin of the word ‘moral’

Answer 10

Mores

Question 11

Meaning of mores

Answer 11

Customs

Question 12

the personal compass of what is right and wrong

Answer 12

Morality

Question 13

“Sacrifice small happiness for bigger happiness” is according to _____

Answer 13

Aristotle

Question 14

Characteristics of Moral Standards

Answer 14

• Can injure or benefit human beings
• Its validity rests on reason, not on popularity
• Based on impartial considerations
• Associated with emotions such as “guilt”, “pity”, “indignation”
• Universalizable
• It is to be preferred to other values including self-interest

Question 15

_____ can sometimes be blinded in implementing and following its own strict rules that it becomes incapable of empathy for the other

Answer 15

Reason

Question 16

Allow us to create the right decision

Answer 16

Reason

Question 17

True or false. Reason can sometimes be blinded in implementing and following its own strict rules that it becomes incapable of empathy for the other.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

_____ seek to immediate fulfillment and it is our reason that tempers these compulsion

Answer 18

Feelings

Question 19

Allow us to create decisions that are humane

Answer 19

Feelings

Question 20

We need all these _____ in order for us to do something better and improve the situation

Answer 20

Feelings

Question 21

Seek immediate fulfillment and it is our reason that tempers these compulsions

Answer 21

Feelings

Question 22

____ allows us to create the right decisions, while _____ allows us to create decisions that are humane

Answer 22

Reason
Feelings

Question 23

Human acts are particular actions that flow from the personhood of the human being

Answer 23

Moral Agent

Question 24

The ______ is the first victim of a bad decision or a wrong action because a wrong decision comes from within

Answer 24

Moral agent

Question 25

True or false. Human acts are particular actions that flow from the act and reason of the human being.

Answer 25

False. It flows from the personhood of the human being.

Question 26

What are the three levels of moral dilemma?

Answer 26

Individual dilemma Organizational dilemma Systemic/Structural dilemma

Question 27

* Within the individual * Personal decision

Answer 27

Individual dilemma

Question 28

Exists within an organization or a particular sector

Answer 28

Organizational dilemma

Question 29

Individual needs vs. collective purpose of the organization

Answer 29

Organizational dilemma

Question 30

Not all problems have clear cut solutions. Instead, managers face enduring dilemmas like trade-offs, without easy answers

Answer 30

Systemic/Structural dilemma

Question 31

Ongoing search for satisfactory system

Answer 31

Systemic/Structural dilemma

Question 32

* Cost of tuition, CHED’s regulations, and the Philippine Educational Market (students, teachers, parents, schools, other school employees) * Medicine prices, price control regulations, and the Philippine Pharmaceutical Industry (Angeles & Palacios) * Oil price increases, oil industry (retailers, Big 3), government, consumers and ordinary people * Tourism and protecting the natural resources and the natural habitat of indigenous people Are all examples of ____

Answer 32

Systemic/Structural dilemma

Question 33

_____ is a faculty used in dealing with issues

Answer 33

Reason

Question 34

A _____ is not a matter of personal preferences or tastes

Answer 34

Moral judgement

Question 35

Identify (as comprehensively as possible) the morally relevant aspects of the situation

Answer 35

Moral Reasoning

Question 36

Weigh the significance of the morally relevant aspects, giving due importance to the views of the persons’ concerned of what constitutes benefit and harm

Answer 36

Moral Reasoning

Question 37

Identify (as comprehensively as possible) all the possible actions that could be pursued and their most likely consequences

Answer 37

Moral Reasoning

Question 38

What are the three principles of impartiality?

Answer 38

* Each individual’s interests are equally important * Each must acknowledge that the other person’s welfare is equally important as one’s own * Forbids arbitrariness in dealing with people

Question 39

Concerned impartiality with the interest of everyone affected by what he or she does

Answer 39

Conscientious moral agent

Question 40

Sifts facts and examines their implications

Answer 40

Conscientious moral agent

Question 41

Accepts principles of conduct only after scrutinizing them to make sure they are sound

Answer 41

Conscientious moral agent

Question 42

What are the two principles of nature of morality?

Answer 42

* Moral judgments must be backed up by good reasons * Morality requires the impartial consideration of each individual’s interest

Question 43

Consider all of the above elements and come to a decision about which action is reasoned to be the most ethically justified

Answer 43

Moral Reasoning