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Industrial Waste Management and Control > Lesson 1: Introduction to Industrial Waste Management and Control > Flashcards

Lesson 1: Introduction to Industrial Waste Management and Control Flashcards

1
Q

 an unwanted or unusable materials.

A

Waste

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2
Q

any substance discarded after primary use, or is
worthless, defective and of no use.

A

Waste

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3
Q

means any liquid, gaseous or solid matter, or
other waste substance or a combination thereof resulting from
any process of industry, manufacturing trade or business or
from the development, processing or recovery of any natural
resources (RA 3931)

A

Industrial waste

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4
Q

Too much waste discarded to the
environment is known as

A

Pollution

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5
Q

means any alteration of the physical, chemical and
biological properties of any water, air and/or land resources of
the Philippines, or any discharge thereto of any liquid, gaseous
or solid wastes as will or is likely to create or to render such
water, air and land resources harmful, detrimental or injurious
utilization
to public health, safety or welfare or which will adversely affect
their
for
domestic, commercial, industrial,
agricultural, recreational or other legitimate purposes

A

Pollution

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6
Q

What are the three environmental pollutants?

A

Air (Ambient Air/Source Emissions), Water (Wastewater), Land (Soil/Sludge)

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7
Q

According to ________ ,“There is an imperative need to protect the people from the
growing menace of environmental pollution.

A

RA 3931

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8
Q

What are the scope/s of practice of chemical engineers?

A

Consultation, Design and Estimation, Planning, Preparation of Feasibility Studies, Operations, Research and Development

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9
Q

Career Paths of Chemical Engineers in the Environment

A

Environmental Consultant/Research Specialist
• Environmental Management Specialist
• Cost Engineer (Wastewater Design, Sanitary Landfill, TSD
Facilities)
• EIA Preparer, Environmental Monitoring Report Preparer
• Wastewater/ Engineer
• Air Pollution Control Systems Designer
• Health, Safety and Environmental Engineer
• Pollution Control and Safety Officer
• Environmental Auditor

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10
Q

What are the types of industrial waste according to characteristics?

A

Liquid, Solid, Chemical

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11
Q

What are the types of industrial wastes according to safety?

A

Hazardous, Non-hazardous

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12
Q

generic term to classify air pollutants
comprising of suspended particles in air, varying in composition
and size, resulting from various anthropogenic activities.” (Rachida,
2018)

A

Particulate Matter

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13
Q

also known as particle pollution, is a
complex mixture of extremely small particles and liquid droplets
that get into the air. Once inhaled, these particles can affect the
heart and lungs and cause serious health effects.” (US EPA, 2017)

A

Particulate Matter

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14
Q

The toxicity behind the
particulate matter is the
absorption
of diverse ___________________

A

polycyclic
diverse
aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs), and
volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) like aromatics, dioxins,
furans which exists in the form
of dust, soot, smoke, and dirt.

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15
Q

What testing method is used for stationary source emission testing for PM?

A

DAO 2013-26 US EPA Method 1-5

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16
Q

What testing method is used for ambient air testing for PM?

A

High Volume Sampling - Gravimetric Analysis

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17
Q

In stationary testing of PM, particulate matter is withdrawn ____________ from the source
and collected on a ____________ maintained
at a temperature of ________.

A

isokinetically, glass fiber filter, 120 ±14 °C

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18
Q

The PM mass, which includes
any material that condenses at
or above the ___________ is deteremined ____________ after the removal of __________.

A

filtration temperature, gravimetrically, uncombined water

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19
Q

The total suspended particulates (TSP) are particles with __________ or less in diameter do not enter the lungs but may enter
the digestive tract via the nasal passages.” (Gupta, 1996)

A

50 microns

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20
Q

generally deposited in the upper respiratory tract and
found to be linked with many diseases other than respiratory
damage like cardiovascular diseases (Dastoorpoor et al., 2020).

A

PM10

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21
Q

can
penetrate deeply into the lung, irritate and corrode the alveolar
wall, and consequently impair lung function. (Xing et. al, 2016).

A

PM2.5

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22
Q

For ambient air testing, method uses a ___________ to collect particles with aerodynamic diameters approximately _________ or less.

A

high volume sampler, 100 um

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23
Q

The high-volume samples ________ ft3/min of air with the sampling rate
held constant over the sampling
period.

A

40-60

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24
Q

The high-volume design causes the TSP to be deposited _________ across the
surface of a filter located downstream
of the sampler inlet.

A

uniformly

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25
Q

The TSP high-volume can be used to
determine the ________________ over the sampling period,
and the collected material
subsequently can be analyzed to determine the identity and quantity of inorganic metals present in the TSP.

A

average ambient TSP concentration

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26
Q

Picture

A

TSP Sampler

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27
Q

Picture

A

PM10 Sampler

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28
Q

Picture

A

PM2.5 Sampler

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29
Q

an atmospheric
pollutant
naturally
generated by
geothermal activities, usually derived
from volcanoes, or produced by
industrial
activities
from
the
combustion of coal and petroleum
(Orellano et al, 2021)

A

Sulfur Oxides (SOx as SO2)

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30
Q

a major contributor
to atmospheric corrosion in urban and industrial areas and is slightly water soluble which forms sulfurous acid in
water

A

SO2

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31
Q

an intermediate strong
acid which tends to react with air or

A

Sulfurous acid

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32
Q

For stationary source emission testing of SOx, what is used?

A

DAO 2013-26 US EPA Method 1 through 5, 6
Modified Method

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33
Q

For ambient air testing of SOx, what is used?

A

Low Volume Sampling - Pararosalinine Method

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34
Q

______________ pollution is formed whenever fuel is combusted at high temperatures by a ‘fixing’ of the nitrogen
in the combustion chamber’s dilution air into NOx. (Thurston, 2017)

A

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx as NO2)

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35
Q

____________
along with particles in the air, can often be seen as a reddish-brown layer in the air over urban areas.

A

NO2

36
Q

is one of the precursors in the
formation of ground-level ozone, which can trigger serious respiratory problems

A

NOx

37
Q

also reacts to form nitrate particles
and acidic aerosols, contributing to the
formation of acid rain

A

NOx

38
Q

For stationary source emission testing of NOx, what is used?

A

DAO 2013-26 US EPA Method 7

39
Q

For ambient air testing of NOx, what is used?

A

Low Volume Sampling – Griess-Saltzmann Method

40
Q

What are the parameters tested for wastewater?

A

• Biochemical Oxygen
Demand (BOD)
• Chemical Oxygen
Demand (COD)
• Total Suspended Solids
(TSS)
• Oil and Grease
• Fecal Coliform
• Phosphates
• Nitrates
• Sulfates
• Ammonia
• Chloride

41
Q

primary
concentration
measurement for measuring the organic
pollution of wastewater by determining
the amount of oxygen required by the aerobic microorganisms to convert into carbon dioxide and water, the organic matter in wastewater (Verma and Singh,
2012).

A

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

42
Q

In the water body, excessive BOD can cause a deficit in _____________ concentration on the water body that will affect the ecosystem (Benedicho
and Lavilla, 2017).

A

Dissolved Oxygen

43
Q

total amount of oxygen consumed by
strong oxidants present in the
wastewater during the decomposition and chemical
oxidation of organic/inorganic matter (Sharma &
Dahiya, 2023).

A

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

44
Q

can be used to identify the
sensitivity of particulate matter toward the oxidation process as well as to determine the amount of inorganic chemical material present in the wastewater sample.

A

COD

45
Q

amount of oxygen the
microbes require to decompose
the organic matter under aerobic conditions.

A

BOD

46
Q

total amount of oxygen
required to break down the
organic matter by chemical
oxidation.

A

COD

47
Q

It is used to waste loadings in
treatment plants.

A

BOD

48
Q

To quantify the amount of
oxidisable pollutants found in
water bodies.

A

COD

49
Q

Evaluation of __________ removal
efficiency of the waste plants.

A

BOD

50
Q

provides a measurement on
how an effluent will affect the
water body

A

COD

51
Q

defined as solids in water that can be trapped by a filter.

A

Total Suspended Solids (TSS)

52
Q

To measure TSS, the
water sample is filtered through a pre-weighed filter. The residue retained on the filter is dried in an oven at _________ °C until the weight of the filter no longer changes (Ismail et. al, 2019)

A

103-105

53
Q

includes fats, oils,
waxes, and other related
constituents found in water,
generally wastewater. If these
compounds are not removed
before discharge of treated
wastewater, oil and grease can
interfere with biological life in
surface waters and create
unsightly films

A

Oil and Grease

54
Q

a parameter, expressed in MPN/100 mL, that indicates microbial or bacterial contamination of wastewater. one of the subset of the total coliform, that is usually generated from human and animal waste (Xu et al, 2022).

A

Fecal Coliform

55
Q

Excessive presence of fecal coliform in the water body is
associate with the high presence of disease-causing organisms which can to gastrointestinal problems such as _________, ___________ and _________.

A

diarrhea, typhoid, cholera

56
Q

Indicators of a high fecal coliform concentration is
associated in high concentrations of _________, ________ and _________ which are precursors of a
eutrophication process in a water body which also emits
harmful gases above the surface of the water (Li et al,
2021).

A

organic matter, sulphates, phosphates

57
Q

an element and the second most abundant
mineral in the body.

A

Phosphorus (as Phosphates)

58
Q

In the water body,
phosphorus can be divided into two classifications – which are __________ and ____________ phosphorus.

A

soluble, insoluble

59
Q

By chemical properties, phosphorus
can be classified as ______________
and ________________.

A

organophosphorus, inorganophosphorus

60
Q

High phosphate concentration is also
linked to _____________ process since phosphorus is a limiting nutrient. (US
EPA, 2023)

A

Eutrophication

61
Q

a form of dissolved nitrogen that occurs naturally in soil and water. It is the primary source
of nitrogen for plants.

A

Nitrates (as NO3 - N)

62
Q

an oxidized product of sulfur
compound which a major precursor for biogeochemical cycles (Wang and
Zhang, 2019).

A

Sulfates

63
Q

In the water body, sulfate is less likely to cause harm in the environment. However, under anaerobic condition,
sulfate can be converted into ___________ which more hazardous to human
health and marine ecosystem.

A

sulfide ions

64
Q

an inorganic chemical
which are commonly generated from agricultural and human activities.

A

Ammonia

65
Q

Ammonia includes ___________ and __________ form

A

Ionized (NH4+), Unionized (NH3)

66
Q

___________ ammonia is favorably formed
when the pH of the wastewater tends to be more basic.

A

Unionized

67
Q

Excessive ammonia in the wastewater
impede the natural nitrification process in the water body resulting to low or
depleting dissolved
oxygen concentration detrimental to marine life
and it is also associated with the excessive algal bloom over bodies of
water (Luo et al, 2015).

A

Ammonia

68
Q

Visual indications of high ammonia concentration include the slow-moving or stagnant water body, presence of
organic waste, foul odor, alkaline, anoxic or warm water and excessive algal bloom (US EPA, 2023)

A

Ammonia

69
Q

one of the major inorganic anions, or negative ions, in saltwater and freshwater. It originates from the dissociation of salts, such as sodium chloride or calcium chloride, in water.

A

Chloride

70
Q

What parameters are tested for soil/sludge?

A

• Arsenic
• Barium
• Cadmium
• Chromiu
m
• Lead
• Mercury
• Selenium
• Silver

71
Q

a chemical analysis process used to determine whether there are hazardous elements present in a waste.

A

Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure
(TCLP)

72
Q

involves a simulation of
leaching through a landfill and can provide a rating that can prove if the waste is dangerous to the environment or not.

A

Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure
(TCLP)

73
Q

DENR

A

Department of Environment and Natural Resources

74
Q

NWRB

A

National Water Resources Board

75
Q

LLDA

A

Laguna Lake Development Authority

76
Q

the primary agency responsible for the conservation, management, development, and proper use of the country’s environment and natural resources, specifically forest and grazing lands, mineral resources, including those in reservation and watershed areas, and lands of the public domain, as well as the licensing and regulation of all natural resources as may be provided for by law in order to ensure equitable sharing of the benefits derived therefrom for the welfare of the present and future generations of Filipinos.

A

DENR

77
Q

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 1586

A

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT (EIS) STATEMENT OF 1978

78
Q

was formally established in 1978 with the enactment of Presidential Decree no. 1586 to facilitate the attainment and maintenance of rational and orderly balance between socio-economic development and environmental protection. EIA is a planning and management tool that will help government, decision makers, the proponents and the affected community address the negative consequences or risks on the environment. The process assures implementation of environment-friendly projects.

A

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT (EIS) STATEMENT OF 1978

79
Q

REPUBLIC ACT 6969

A

TOXIC SUBSTANCES, HAZARDOUS AND NUCLEAR WASTE CONTROL ACT OF 1990

80
Q

The law aims to regulate restrict or prohibit the importation, manufacture, processing, sale, distribution, use and disposal of chemical substances and mixtures the present unreasonable risk to human health. It likewise prohibits the entry, even in transit, of hazardous and nuclear wastes and their disposal into the Philippine territorial limits for whatever purpose; and to provide advancement and facilitate research and studies on toxic chemicals.

A

TOXIC SUBSTANCES, HAZARDOUS AND NUCLEAR WASTE CONTROL ACT OF 1990

81
Q

REPUBLIC ACT 8749

A

PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999

82
Q

The law aims to achieve and maintain clean air that meets the National Air Quality guideline values for criteria pollutants, throughout the Philippines, while minimizing the possible associated impacts to the economy.

A

PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999

83
Q

REPUBLIC ACT 9003

A

ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000

84
Q

the law aims to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program that shall ensure the protection of public health and environment. The law ensures proper segregation, collection, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adaptation of best eco-waste products.

A

ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000

85
Q

REPUBLIC ACT 9275

A

PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER ACT OF 2004

86
Q

law aims to protect the country’s water bodies from pollution from land-based sources (industries and commercial establishments, agriculture and community/household activities). It provides for comprehensive and integrated strategy to prevent and minimize pollution through a multi-sectoral and participatory approach involving all the stakeholders.

A

PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER ACT OF 2004

87
Q

the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances.

A

Green Chemistry

Industrial Waste Management and Control (2 decks)

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