Lesson 1 (PRELIMS)

Question 1

The word tomography has as its root tomo, meaning to _____, _____ or _____ from the Greek _____ (a cutting) and word “graphy” comes from the Greek word “_____,” which means “writing” or “drawing.”

Answer 1

cut, section, or layer
tomos
graphia

Question 2

In the case of _____, a sophisticated computerized method is used to obtain data and transform them into “cuts,” or cross- sectional slices of the human body.

Answer 2

CT

Question 3

_____, is the process of creating a cross- sectional tomographic plane of any part of the body. Unlike traditional X-ray images, which only capture a single plane, CT scans provide a more comprehensive, _____ of internal structures.

Answer 3

Computed tomography (CT)
3D view

Question 4

Historical Development: Austrian mathematician

Answer 4

Johann Radon (1917)

Question 5

Historical Development: Proves that an image of 3 dimensional object could be produced from its mathematical projection.

Answer 5

Johann Radon (1917)

Question 6

Historical Development: Developed _____, a mathematical operator that plays a key role in various areas such as medical imaging (like CT scans), tomography, and even in signal processing.

Answer 6

Johann Radon (1917)
Radon transform

Question 6

Historical Development: Proposed a method to represent a single slice of the body on the radiographic film (_____)

Answer 6

Allesandro Vallebona (1930s)
Topography

Question 7

Historical Development: Italian mathematician

Answer 7

Allesandro Vallebona (1930s)

Question 8

Historical Development: South African-born physicist

Answer 8

Allan Cormack (1961)

Question 8

Historical Development: _____ work helped in the mathematical methods that enable the inversion of the Radon transform, which is essential for reconstructing images from the projections obtained in CT scans.

Answer 8

Allesandro Vallebona (1930s)

Question 9

Historical Development: Neurologist

Answer 9

William Oldendor (1963)

Question 9

Historical Development: He development of mathematical techniques for reconstructing cross-sectional images from X-ray data. He developed the mathematical foundation for _____, which is the process of creating detailed images of internal structures by analyzing X-ray data taken from multiple angles

Answer 9

Allan Cormack (1961)
tomographic imaging

Question 10

Historical Development: _____ work, involved using computers to process and reconstruct images from X-ray data, a breakthrough that laid the foundation for what would later become the modern CT scanner. He was also involved in the development of other imaging technologies, such as _____.

Answer 10

William Oldendor (1963)
positron emission tomography (PET)

Question 11

Historical Development: Invented the first CT-Scan machine (_____) for EMI Ltd.(_____) at the Central Research Laboratory in England

Answer 11

Godfrey N. Hounsfield (1970-1971)
1970
Electric and Musical Industries

Question 11

Historical Development: Electrical engineer

Answer 11

Godfrey N. Hounsfield (1970-1971)

Question 12

Historical Development: The father of CT scan

Answer 12

Godfrey N. Hounsfield (1970-1971)

Question 13

Historical Development: Both _____ and _____ share the _____ Nobel Prize for medicine.

Answer 13

Hounsfield and Cormack
1979

Question 14

Historical Development: After CT was shown to be a useful clinical imaging modality, the first full-scale commercial unit, referred to as a _____, was installed in ______ in _____ .

Answer 14

brain tissue scanner 1971
Atkinson Morley’s Hospital in 1971

Question 15

Historical Development: First-generation EMI CT unit: dedicated _____ scanner.

Answer 15

brain tissue scanner 1971
head

Question 16

Historical Development: Early CT Scan machines are called _____ Scanners, because it can only produce _____ Images.

Answer 16

Computed Axial Tomography (CAT)
Axial

Question 17

Historical Development: American scientist

Answer 17

Robert Ledley (1974)

Question 17

Historical Development: The first CAT Scanner can produce a single sectional image in _____

Answer 17

9 days

Question 18

Historical Development: In _____, _____ of Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., developed the first _____, which greatly expanded the diagnostic capabilities of CT

Answer 18

1974, Dr. Robert S. Ledley
whole-body scanner

Question 19

CT scanners have been categorized by _____, which is a reference to the level of technologic advancement of the tube and detector assembly. There were _____ recognized generations of CT scanners; however, newer scanners are no longer categorized by generation but by _____ and _____.

Answer 19

generation
four
tube and detector movement

Question 20

Enumerate other names for CT

Answer 20

* Computed Axial Tomography (CAT) * Computed Transaxial Tomography (CTAT) * Computed Reconstruction Tomography (CRT) * Digital Axial Tomography (DAT) * Body Section Roentgenography

Question 20

Consists of an x-ray source emitting finely collimated x-ray beam and a single detector both moving synchronously in a translate or rotate mode or a combination of both.

Answer 20

CT Scanner

Question 21

Enumerate main parts of a CT scanner

Answer 21

1. Gnatry assembly 2. Patient table/couch 3. X-ray tube 4. Detectors 5. Computer 6. Display console 7. Speakers 8. Mic

Question 21

Body planes: The _____ is a vertical plane, running from the front to the back of the body. It divides the body into left and right sections.

Answer 21

Sagittal plane

Question 22

Enumerate 3 body planes

Answer 22

1. Sagittal 2. Coronal 3. Axial

Question 23

Body planes: Also known as the _____, is another important anatomical plane used to describe the orientation of the body. It divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions.

Answer 23

Coronal plane frontal plane

Question 24

Body planes: The ______, also known as the _____, , is the third major anatomical plane. It divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) parts, running horizontally across the body. It is perpendicular to both the sagittal and coronal planes.

Answer 24

Axial plane transverse plane