Lesson 10.01.05: Oil and NG Introduction

Question 1

Brent Crude

Answer 1

From North Sea Brent

Question 2

West Texas Intermediate

Answer 2

Midland, TX and Odessa, TX

Question 3

Arabian Light

Answer 3

Saudi Arabia

Question 4

Sweet Crude

Answer 4

Has low sulfur content.

Question 5

Sour Crude

Answer 5

Has high sulfur content.

Question 6

Light Crude

Answer 6

API Gravity less than 10 (will float on water).

Question 7

Heavy Crude

Answer 7

API Gravity greater than 10 (will sink in water).

Question 8

Class A Crude (Toxicity)

Answer 8

• Light, highly liquid volatile oils that spread quickly on impenetrable surfaces and water
• Strong odor
• Evaporates quickly and emits flammable fumes easily
• Penetrates porous surfaces

Question 9

Class B Crude (Toxicity)

Answer 9

• Less toxic
• Feels waxy or oily
• The warmer it gets, the more likely it will soak into porous surfaces and be hard to remove

Question 10

Class C Crude (Toxicity)

Answer 10

• Heavy, tarry oils
• Includes residual fuel oils and medium to heavy crudes
• Slow to penetrate porous solids
• Not highly toxic

Question 11

Class D Crude (Toxicity)

Answer 11

• Thick oils that won’t seep into porous surfaces
• Comparatively non-toxic
• Mostly black or dark brown
• Heavy crude oils such as the bitumen found in tar sands

Question 12

Western Canadian Select

Answer 12

Canada’s largest commercial heavy oil stream comprised of bitumen, conventional oil, synthetic crude, and diluent.

Question 13

Marketable streams of crude oil have unique specifications defined by their:

Answer 13

• density
• viscosity
• sulfur content
  Note: they require their own separate storage facility and pipeline access.

Question 14

Non-Upgraded Bitumen is produced from where?

Answer 14

Alberta Oil Sands

Question 15

Upgraded Bitumen is also known as?

Answer 15

Light Synthetic Crude Oil (SCO)

Question 16

What are crude oil specifications? (API Density, Sulfur Content, Density)

Answer 16

• API Density: 20.5° to 21.5°
• Sulfur Content: 3.0% to 3.5%
• Density: 925kg/m^3 to 935kg/m^3

Question 17

Crude is more valuable when?

Answer 17

It is less processed or refined.

Question 18

During refining, what product(s) are produced at lowest temperatures?

Answer 18

Liquid Petroleum Gases (LPG)

Question 19

During refining, what product(s) are produced at middle-ranged temperatures?

Answer 19

• Jet fuel
• Home heating oil
• Diesel Fuel

Question 20

During refining, what product(s) are produced at highest distillation temperatures (1000°F)?

Answer 20

• Heaviest products: fuel oil and lubricants

Question 21

During refining, what product(s) are produced at a range of distillation temperatures?

Answer 21

• Lighter oils, more desirable and in-demand products

Question 22

What is Natural Gas?

Answer 22

Natural Gas: a hydrocarbon made up of compounds of hydrogen and carbon

Question 23

What is the simplest hydrocarbon?

Answer 23

Methane and it contains one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms.

Question 24

What are the characteristics of natural gas?

Answer 24

NG is both colorless and odorless and is a mixture of hydrocarbon gasses.

Question 25

What are the most common hydrocarbon gasses?

Answer 25

Methane, Ethane, Propane, and Butane

Question 26

Where is NG found?

Answer 26

NG is found in reservoirs where large layers of rock trap the gas as it floats to the surface.