Lesson 101 Flashcards by Anita Unknown

What is Botany?

Study of plants

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What is Zoology?

Study of animals

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List three characteristics that living organisms share with motor vehicles.

Growth and development
Reproduction
Irritability

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List skills that are gained on studying Biology.

Observing
Identifying
Recording
Measuring
Classifying, analyzing and evaluating data

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What is the magnification power of a light microscope?

Has low magnification power

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What is the magnification power of an electron microscope?

Has very high magnification power

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What type of lenses does a light microscope use?

Uses glass lenses for magnification

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What type of lenses does an electron microscope use?

Uses electromagnetic lenses for magnification

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What is used to illuminate specimens in a light microscope?

Uses light to illuminate the specimen

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What is used to illuminate specimens in an electron microscope?

Uses a beam of electrons to illuminate specimen

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How are specimens stained in light microscopes?

Specimens are stained using normal dyes

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How are specimens stained in electron microscopes?

Specimens are stained using complex stains (dyes containing heavy metals)

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Identify the structure labeled in the diagram as an animal cell.

Animal cell

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Which type of microscope was used to view the structure?

Light microscope

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What is the function of the part labeled A?

Encloses the cell content and regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell

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What does the diaphragm do in a light microscope?

Regulates the amount of light passing through the condenser

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What is the function of the objective lens in a light microscope?

Magnifies the image of the specimen

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Why is boiling the leaf in water important when testing for starch?

To kill the leaf cells so as to stop cellular functions
To break the starch granules to release starch

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Why is boiling the leaf in methylated spirit important?

To decolourise the leaf

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What is the purpose of placing a potted plant in the sun for 5 hours?

To photosynthesize leading to formation of starch

What happens during the light stage of photosynthesis?

Light absorbed by chlorophyll splits water (photolysis) into oxygen and hydrogen atoms
Hydrogen enters the dark stage
O2 is released to the atmosphere
Formation of energy-rich Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Name two factors that affect enzymatic activities.

Temperature
Substrate concentration and enzyme concentration

What is a function of the large intestine in humans?

Reabsorption of water

What is the role of Vitamin C in humans?

Protection against infection
Antioxidant
Aids in detoxification

What is the role of iron in humans?

Involved in formation of hemoglobin in R.B.C

State two roles of HCL in the stomach.

* Provides an acidic medium suitable for action of pepsin/renin * Activates the inactive forms of enzymes * Kills bacteria that may be present in food

What is the total magnification of an eyepiece lens with a magnification of X5 and an objective lens of X10?

X50

List four activities of the cell that are controlled by the nucleus.

* Cell division * Protein synthesis * Cell respiration * Cell secretion * Excretion * Cell growth

Identify the specialized cell illustrated as a root hair cell.

Root hair cell

What is the function of meristematic tissue?

Cell division and growth

What is the function of blood?

* Transport respiratory gases * White blood cells protect the body against infection * Plasma regulates blood pH

Differentiate between plasmolysis and crenation.

* Plasmolysis: Process by which plant cells lose water in a hypertonic solution * Crenation: Shrinking of an animal cell when placed in hypertonic solution

What is Binomial nomenclature?

Double naming of organisms where the organism is given generic and specific name

What organelle is found in large numbers in rapidly respiring tissue?

Mitochondria

What organelle is found in large numbers in secretory glands?

Golgi bodies

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Amino acids

Name the carbohydrate stored in plant seeds.

Starch

Name the carbohydrate stored in mammalian muscles.

Glycogen

What monosaccharides make up sucrose?

Glucose + Fructose

What monosaccharides make up lactose?

Glucose + Glucose

What is the mode of feeding of an animal with the dental formula 2(i 0 C 0 pm3 M2) = 30?

Herbivorous

Name two dental diseases.

* Periodontal diseases * Dental caries

What equipment is represented by O?

Bait trap

What equipment is represented by P?

Sweep net

What equipment is represented by Q?

Hand lens

What are the necessary precautions when collecting specimens?

* Collect only the number of specimens needed to avoid waste * Do not harm specimens during collection exercises * Do not destroy the natural habitat of the specimens

What is the physiological process being investigated in the experiment?

Osmosis

What is the significance of active transport in living organisms?

* Absorption of the products of digestion from the ileum into the bloodstream * Excretion of waste products from body cells into the surrounding medium * Absorption of mineral salts from the soil by root hair cells * Selective reabsorption of certain substances in the kidney such as glucose and salt