Lesson 1.1 Flashcards
serve as laws that provide research-based and conceptual foundation for how learners naturally construct their personal meaning from information and experience.
Learning Principles
Principles of learning
I. Use several senses
II.Actively involve the learners in the learning process.
III.Provide an environment conducive for learning.
IV.Assess learner’s extent of readiness to learn.
V.Determine learner’s perceived relevance of the information.
VI. Repeat the information
VII.Generalize information
VIII. Make learning a pleasant experience
X.Present information at an appropriate rate.
Learners tend to remember: __ of what they read; __of what they hear; __of what they see; __ of what they see, hear, and read; __ of what they say; __ of what they say and do.
learners tend to remember: 10% of what they read, 20% of what they hear, 30% of what they see, 50% of what they see, hear, and read, 70% of what they say, 90% of what they say and do.
Use more interactive methods e.g. role play, small group discussion
II.Actively involve the learners in the learning process.
Consider comfort and convenience of learners
Provide an environment conducive for learning.
Readiness can be affected by physical and emotional factors
Assess learner’s extent of readiness to learn.
Students are willing to learn if they perceive the information or skill being taught as relevant to their lives e.g. telling the students the importance of NCM 102 in their future nursing career
Determine learner’s perceived relevance of the information.
Repetition enhances learning.
Repeat the information
Cite applications of the information. Information is more readily learned if it is applied to more than one situation.
Generalise information
Four Ways by which students are exposed to aversive stimuli in class:
a.students are bored
b.students are subjected to unpleasant physical conditions
c.students are frustrated
d.students are emotionally hurt
Three (3) procedures to make learning pleasant:
-set challenging tasks during training
-give students knowledge of results
-reward their efforts (positive feedback)
Information should be presented in organized manner, from general to specific.
Begin with what is known then move toward what is unknown.
Four learning theories
A.Behaviorist Learning Theory (Behaviorism)
B.Social Learning Theory (Social Constructivism)
C.Cognitive Learning Theory (Cognitivism)
D. Social Cognitive Learning Theory
This theory is based on the view that the human mind is a “blank slate” that should be provided with information to be learned. Learning is the product of the stimulus or conditions (S) in the environment and the responses (R) that follow (S-R model of learning)
BEEHAVIORIST LEARNING THEORY
a process in which a behavior / response (UR) that originally followed one event (unconditioned stimulus, UCS) is made to follow a different event (neutral stimulus, NS)
classical Conditioning / Pavlovian Conditioning (Ivan Pavlov)
focuses on the behavior of the organism and the reinforcement that occurs after the response which can either increase or decrease the behavior
Operant Conditioning (B. F. Skinner)
–He developed a theory of learning based solely on trial and error behavior
–according to him, the individual responds to a stimulus in a problem situation and if the response is successful it is reinforced by a sense of satisfaction
Edward Thorndike
a.Law of _____ - it refers to an attitudinal willingness to respond to a stimulus.
b.Law of _____ – it refers to the strengthening of S-R connections in proportion to the number of times, the intensity and the duration reinforcement occurs
c._____ - refers to the effect that follows the response.
Law of Readiness
Law of Exercise
Law of Effect
This theory proposes that learning occurs through observation and instruction
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
Is a central concept of social learning; it requires the use of self as an instructional method whereby learners acquire new behaviors and social roles through identification with the role model
Role modelling
the concept wherein learners acquire new behaviors through the use of a model for their actions
Imitation
According to the cognitive theory, learning is largely a mental or intellectual or thinking process
COGNITIVE LEARNING
It proposes that the child’s view of the world is influenced largely by age and maturational ability. With nurturing experiences, the child’s ability to think matures naturally
Cognitive Stages of Development
Man is an energy system, an adaptive, purposeful creature whose behavior is determined by the manner in which he perceives his environment
Field Theory
