Lesson 1.1: Operating Systems

Question 1

address binding

Answer 1

Mapping program addresses to physical memory.

Question 2

application software

Answer 2

Programs that help users do specific tasks.

Question 3

batch processing

Answer 3

Running a set of jobs without user input.

Question 4

base register

Answer 4

Holds the start address of a memory segment.

Question 5

bounds register

Answer 5

Holds the end address of a memory segment.

Question 6

context switch

Answer 6

Saving/restoring CPU state to switch processes.

Question 7

CPU scheduling

Answer 7

Choosing which process the CPU runs next.

Question 8

demand paging

Answer 8

Loading pages into memory only when needed.

Question 9

dumb terminal

Answer 9

Input/output device with no processing power.

Question 10

dynamic partition technique

Answer 10

Memory split into variable-sized blocks for processes.

Question 11

first-come, first-served (FCFS)

Answer 11

Runs processes in the order they arrive.

Question 12

fixed partition technique

Answer 12

Memory split into fixed-sized sections.

Question 13

frame

Answer 13

Fixed-size block of physical memory for paging.

Question 14

logical address

Answer 14

CPU-generated address before translation.

Question 15

mainframe

Answer 15

A powerful computer for many users and tasks.

Question 16

memory management

Answer 16

Controls and organizes memory use.

Question 17

multiprogramming

Answer 17

Running multiple programs at once to use CPU efficiently.

Question 18

non-preemptive scheduling

Answer 18

Lets a process finish before switching.

Question 19

operating system (OS)

Answer 19

Manages hardware, software, and system tasks.

Question 20

page

Answer 20

A block of virtual memory.

Question 21

page map table (PMT)

Answer 21

Tracks virtual-to-physical page mappings.

Question 22

page swap

Answer 22

Moving memory pages between RAM and disk.

Question 23

paged memory technique

Answer 23

Divides memory into pages to reduce fragmentation.

Question 24

partition memory management

Answer 24

Splits memory into parts for processes.

Question 25

physical address

Answer 25

Actual location in memory hardware.

Question 26

preemptive scheduling

Answer 26

Allows interrupting one process for another.

Question 27

process

Answer 27

A running program with its own state and memory.

Question 28

process control block (PCB)

Answer 28

Stores all details about a process.

Question 29

process management

Answer 29

Handles creating, running, and ending processes.

Question 30

process states

Answer 30

Stages in a process's life (new, ready, running, etc.).

Question 31

real-time system

Answer 31

Responds to inputs within strict time limits.

Question 32

response time

Answer 32

Time from request to system response start.

Question 33

round-robin

Answer 33

Gives each process a fixed CPU time slice in order.

Question 34

shortest job next (SJN)

Answer 34

Picks the quickest process to run next.

Question 35

single contiguous memory management

Answer 35

One big block holds all processes.

Question 36

system software

Answer 36

Runs the system and supports other software.

Question 37

thrashing

Answer 37

Too much paging hurts performance.

Question 38

time slice

Answer 38

Fixed CPU time given to each process.

Question 39

timesharing

Answer 39

CPU time is shared so users run tasks simultaneously.

Question 40

turnaround time

Answer 40

Total time from process start to end.

Question 41

virtual machine

Answer 41

Software-based version of a physical computer.

Question 42

virtual memory

Answer 42

Extends memory using disk space.