Lesson 11 The heart Flashcards
What are the 4 main functions of the cardiovascular system?
T—- of R—- G—
D— N—
R—-
P——-
- Transport respiratory gases
- Deliver nutrients
- Regulation
- Protection
These functions are essential for maintaining homeostasis and supporting cellular activities.
Blood flow is driven by _______ and opposed by _______.
- pressure
- Resistance
Why is understanding the dynamics of pressure and resistance important?
Think pressure and resistance as it relates to blood movement
it helps us understand and comprehend blood circulation.
Resistance is _____ related to vessel length and blood viscosity.
Directly
This relationship implies that as vessel length or viscosity increases, resistance to blood flow also increases.
Resistance is _____ related to vessel radius.
inversely
A smaller vessel radius leads to higher resistance, thus affecting blood flow.
Vasoconstriction of the vessel will ___ blood flow.
Think contricted=limited
decrease
Vasoconstriction narrows the vessel diameter, increasing resistance and reducing blood flow.
Vasodilation of the vessel will ___ blood flow.
think dialation=relaxed=no limitation
increase
Vasodilation widens/relaxes the vessel diameter, decreasing resistance and promoting blood flow.
Deoxygenated Blood enters the heart through the inferior and superior vena cava into _______.
Right Atrium
The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body.
After the right atrium, blood flows through the _______ and into the _______.
- tricuspid valve
- right ventricle
What is the purpose of the tricuspid valve?
prevent backflow from the right ventricle to right atrium.
.
.
prevents backflow into the atrium during ventricular contraction.
Blood is sent into pulmonary circulation through the _______.
pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
After passing through the pulmonary capillaries, blood returns to the heart via the _______.
pulmonary veins
Pulmonary veins transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
O2 rich Blood enters the heart through _______ into _______ blank from the _______.
Through pulmonary veins
into left Atrium
from lungs
The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Blood travels from the left atrium through the _______ into the _______.
- bicuspid valve
- left ventricle
The bicuspid valve prevents backflow during ventricular contraction.
Blood enters systemic circulation through the _______.
aorta
The aorta distributes oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
The function of the heart valves is to _______.
prevent backflow of blood
This ensures unidirectional flow during the cardiac cycle.
The tricuspid valve is located between the _______ and _______.
- right atria
- right ventricle
This valve plays a critical role in directing blood flow from the atrium to the ventricle.
The bicuspid valve is also known as the _______ valve.
mitral
The mitral valve is essential for regulating blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
Cardiac output is defined as _______.
The amount of blood pumped by the heart per given time.
or
Blood volume pumped per ventricle per unit time
What is a vital measure of heart performance? or how do we know the heart is functioning properly??
Cardiac output
The main factors affecting cardiac output are H—-R_______ and _S—-V______.
- heart rate
- stroke volume
These factors interact to determine the amount of blood pumped by the heart.
The equation for stroke volume is _______.
EDV - ESV
End Diastolic Volume minus End Systolic Volume calculates the volume of blood ejected by a ventricle.
The SA Node is known as the _______ of the heart.
Think Peacemaker***
pacemaker
The SA Node initiates the electrical impulses that regulate heart rhythm.
The conductive pathway for the heart includes _______.
Think
P
Q C
T
- P-wave
- QRS Complex
- T-wave
These waveforms represent different phases of the cardiac cycle on an ECG.
