Lesson 1.2 Key Terms

Question 1

Adenine

Answer 1

A component of nucleic acids, energy-carrying molecules such as ATP, and certain coenzymes. Chemically, it is a purine base.

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

A chromosome is a strand of DNA that is encoded with genes. In most cells, humans have 22 pairs of these chromosomes plus the two gender chromosomes.

Question 3

Cytosine

Answer 3

A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

Where your genetic code is held. Used to make proteins which define traits

Question 5

Gel Electrophoresis

Answer 5

The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, on the basis of their size and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of movement through an electrical field in a gel.

Question 6

Gene

Answer 6

Genes, which are made up of DNA, make molecules called proteins and has 2 copies of each genes which is inherited by each parent.

Question 7

Guanine

Answer 7

A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a purine base.

Question 8

Helix

Answer 8

Something spiral in form

Question 9

Model

Answer 9

A simplified version of something complex used, for example, to analyze and solve problems or make predictions

Question 10

Nucleotide

Answer 10

A building block of DNA & RNA that consists of a base (Adenine, thymine,guanine, and cytosine), sugar,and phosphate.

Question 11

Restriction Enzyme

Answer 11

A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts up DNA.

Question 12

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms

Answer 12

Differences in DNA sequence on homologous chromosomes that can result in different patterns of restriction fragment lengths (DNA segments resulting from treatment with restriction enzymes).

Question 13

Thymine

Answer 13

A component of nucleic acid that carries hereditary information in DNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.