Lesson 13: Porifera

Question 1

the phylum… or sponge is the most primitive multicellular cell

Answer 1

porifera

Question 2

phylum porifera has a… body with numerous cavities

Answer 2

porous

Question 3

phylum porifera lacks… (2)

Answer 3

tissues and organs

Question 4

instead of tissues and organs, the phylum porifera is supported by a… called the… which is flexible and adaptable

Answer 4

loose aggregation of cells with a proteinaceus skeleton, mesophyl

Question 5

phylum porifera are… -feeders

Answer 5

filter

Question 6

phylum porifera reproduce through… (2), specifically… (3)

Answer 6

asexual : budding and binary fission
sexual : external fertilization

Question 7

phylum porifera are… meaning have both male and female body parts

Answer 7

dioecious

Question 8

phylum porifera can be found in..(2) and inhabit surfaces of… (3)

Answer 8

• marine and freshwater
• rocks, coral, and sand

Question 9

the ecological roles of phylum porifera are… (2)

Answer 9

acting as a habitat and contribute in nutrient cycling

Question 10

phylum porifera have biomedical importance as they produce bioactive compounds for: (3)

Answer 10

• antibiotics
• anti-inflammatory
• anti-cancer

Question 11

phylum porifera have a… relationship with organisms like (3) by (3)

Answer 11

• bacteria, fungi, and algae
• provide nutrients, enhance defence, and help compete for resources

Question 12

phylum porifera are… meaning they do not move

Answer 12

sessile

Question 13

phylum porifera are named “porifera” meaning…

Answer 13

pore bearing

Question 14

phylum porifera have… for stimulus response

Answer 14

neuroid cells

Question 15

phylum porifera bodies are…

Answer 15

asymmetrical

Question 16

phylum porifera possesses…, the ability to respond to light and water flow, meaning light…

Answer 16

morphological plasticity, passes through

Question 17

phylum porifera have specialized cells with pores, … is the organ that opens and closes said pores

Answer 17

porocytes

Question 18

phylum porifera have… also called… that lines the internal chamber of the sponge and controls the water current into the sponge

Answer 18

choanocytes, colar cells

Question 19

phylum porifera have a gelatenous matrix between the inner and outer layers of the sponge called…, they contain a variety of cells including… cells that participate in digestion, nutrient distribution and reproduction. they contain… for elasticity

Answer 19

mesophyl, amoeboid cells/amoabocytes, collagen

Question 20

phylum porifera have… which are needle-like structures made of… (3) for structural support and protection

Answer 20

spicules
calcium carbonate, silica, or spongin

Question 21

phylum porifera have… that contains… and acts as a reservoir for water filtration

Answer 21

spongocoel, choanocytes

Question 22

phylum porifera have a large opening for expelling waste and water called… , it also contributes to the porifera’s homeostasis

Answer 22

osculum

Question 23

phylum porifera have… made of flat cells. it is the outermost layer, called the… and doesn’t let water out after entering the ostia

Answer 23

pinacocytes, pinacoderm

Question 24

phylum porifera have… which are amoeba-like cells that aid in digestion, distribution of nutrients, skeletal elements, and reproduction. they are found in the mesophyl

Answer 24

amoebocytes

Question 25

phylum porifera have... composed of... which are undifferentiated cells that regenerate to new sponges. it is surrounded by a tough layer called the... membrane and is formed under environmental stress

Answer 25

gemmules, aracheocytes, scleroprotein

Question 26

types of phylum porifera canal systems (3)

Answer 26

- asconoid - syconoid - leuconoid

Question 27

explain the asconoid cavity

Answer 27

- simplest - single central cavity - seen in small, tube-shaped sponges

Question 28

explain the syconoid cavity

Answer 28

- intermediate complexity - instead of ostia, there is a prosopyle

Question 29

explain the leuconoid canal

Answer 29

- most complex - found in large sponge

Question 30

asconoid water tract

Answer 30

ostia > spongocoel > ostium

Question 31

syconoid water tract

Answer 31

dermal ostia > incurrent canal > prosopyle > radial canal > apopyle > spongocoel > osculum

Question 32

leuconoid water tract

Answer 32

demal ostia > incurrent canal > prosopyle > flagellated chamber > apopyles > canals > osculum

Question 33

phylum porifera have 3 classes

Answer 33

- calcispongiae - hyalospongiae - demospongiae

Question 34

define the phylum porifera class calciospongae

Answer 34

- also called the calcera - found in both marine and freshwater in shallow waters - have small number of canals

Question 35

define the phylum porifera class hippospongia

Answer 35

- also called the hexactinellida - have silica specules meaning they have morphological plasticity and look like glass - found in deep and cold marine

Question 36

define the phylum porifera class demosponge

Answer 36

- also called the spongilla/ciliona - most diverse - made of spongin fibers + silica specules - have a symbiotic relationship with fungi and algae

Question 37

4 importance of phylum porifera

Answer 37

- home for marine life - boosts biodiversity - cleans water - recycles nutrients