lesson 13 transcript + study guide

Question 1

carbohydrates

Answer 1

Quick energy; stored as glycogen in liver and muscle
ex: bread

Question 2

Lipids

Answer 2

Long-term energy storage; essential fatty acids; insulation
ex: butter

Question 3

proteins

Answer 3

tissue repair, enzymes, hormones; provides essential amino acids
ex:meat

Question 4

vitamins

Answer 4

Support metabolism, immunity, bone health, etc.
ex: fruits

Question 5

• Water-soluble

Answer 5

Not stored; support enzyme function
vitamin C, B

Question 6

• Lipid-soluble

Answer 6

Stored in fat; support vision, bones, clotting, antioxidants
Vitamin A,D,E,K

Question 7

Minerals

Answer 7

Bone strength, nerve signals, oxygen transport (iron in hemoglobin)
ex: iron, calcium, sodium

Question 8

digestion

Answer 8

The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into absorbable molecules.

Question 9

mechanical digestion

Answer 9

physical breakdown: chewing, chuning

Question 10

chemical digestion

Answer 10

enzymatic breakdown: amylase, pepsin

Question 11

main gi tract in order

Answer 11

Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus

Question 12

accessory organs

Answer 12

liver, gallbladder, pancreas, salivary glands

Question 13

histology of Gi tract

Answer 13

Mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa

Question 14

mucosa

Answer 14

secretes mucus, absorbs nutrients

Question 15

submucosa

Answer 15

Connective tissue with vessels and nerves

Question 16

muscularis

Answer 16

circular +longitudinal muscle (peristalsis)

Question 17

serosa

Answer 17

protective outer layer

Question 18

mouth

Answer 18

mechanical: chewing
chemical: amylase

saliva starts starch digestion

Question 19

stomach

Answer 19

mechanical: churning
chemical: pepsin

acid denatures proteins, activates enzymes

Question 20

duodenum

Answer 20

chemical: enzymes
main site of chemical digestion

Question 21

jejunum/illeum

Answer 21

major site of absorbtion

Question 22

bird digestive system

Answer 22

crop: stores food
gizzard: grinds food

Question 23

peristalsis

Answer 23

rhythmic muscle contractions that move food forward

Question 24

reverse peristalsis

Answer 24

moves food backward
vomiting, rumination

Question 25

stomach chambers

Answer 25

reticulum rumen omasum abomasum

Question 26

reticulum

Answer 26

mixes and collects small food particles

Question 27

rumen

Answer 27

ferments plant material (microbial digestion)

Question 28

omasum

Answer 28

absorbs water and salts

Question 29

abomasum

Answer 29

"true" stomach: acidic, enzymatic digestion

Question 30

surface area adaptions

Answer 30

stomach folds: gastric rugae small intestine: Villi + microvilli (brush border) function: maximizes digestion and absorption efficiency

Question 31

duodenum

Answer 31

bile (from liver/gallbladder)-> emulsifies fats pancreatic juice-> contains proteases, amylase, lipase secretes carboxylases-> finish digestion

Question 32

amino acids

Answer 32

small intestine absorbed into blood capillaries

Question 33

monsaccharides

Answer 33

small intestine absorbed into blood capillaries

Question 34

fatty acids/lipids

Answer 34

small intestine enter lacteals as chylomicrons via diffusion

Question 35

digestive enzymes

Answer 35

salivary amylase pepsin brush border enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin pancreatic amylase lipase

Question 36

salivary amylase

Answer 36

source-salivary glands acts on- starch product-sugar chains location-mouth

Question 37

pepsin

Answer 37

source-stomach acts on-protein product-polypeptides location-stomach

Question 38

brush border enzymes

Answer 38

source-small intestine lining acts on-sugars, peptides product-monosaccharides, amino acids location- small intestine

Question 39

trypsin and chymotrypsin

Answer 39

source-pancreas acts on-proteins product-polypeptides location- small intestine

Question 40

pancreatic amylase

Answer 40

source-pancreas acts on-starch product-shorter sugar chains location-small intestine

Question 41

lipase

Answer 41

source-pancreas acts on-fats product-fatty acids, monoglycerides location-small intestine

Question 42

non-enzyme digestive

Answer 42

HCl stomach mucus bicarbonate bile salts

Question 43

HCl

Answer 43

source-stomach (parietal cells) function-denatures proteins, activates pepsin kills bacteria) location- stomach

Question 44

stomach mucus

Answer 44

source-mucus-secreting stomach cells function-protects stomach lining location- stomach

Question 45

bicarbonate

Answer 45

source-pancreas function-neutralizes acidic chyme location-duodenum

Question 46

bile salts

Answer 46

source-liver (stored in gallbladder) function-emulsify fats location-duodenum