LESSON 17 (Membranes, Muscle and Nervous Tissue)

Question 1

what are the 2 primary tissue type that membranes are composed of?

Answer 1

1) epithelium
2) connective tissue proper layer

Question 2

what are the four types of membranes?

Answer 2

1) Mucous Membrane
2) Serous Membrane
3) Cutaneous membranes
4) Synovial membrane (lacks epithelium)

Question 3

what does mucosa indicates?

Answer 3

indicates location

Question 4

what are mucosae?

Answer 4

• aka mucous membranes
• they are wet membranes that line body cavities which opens from the outside of the body
• they are bathed by secretions
  -they also secrete mucous

Question 5

what are mucous membrane/ mucosae made of?

Answer 5

• stratified squamous
• simple columnar epithelia
  over a thin layer of areolar connective tissue called lamina propria

Question 6

which part of the body does the Mucous Membrane line?

Answer 6

Lines body cavities that open TO THE OUTSIDE
ex) gastrointestinal tract

Question 7

what are serous membrane?

Answer 7

• aka serosae
• they are moist membranes within closed ventral body cavities

Question 8

what does the serous membrane consist of?

Answer 8

• simple squamous epithelium which rest on a thin layer of loose connective (areolar) tissue

Question 9

which part of the body does the parietal serosae line?

Answer 9

the internal body cavity walls

Question 10

what does the visceral serosae cover?

Answer 10

the internal organs

Question 11

what is the cavity between layers filled with?

Answer 11

Serous fluid

Question 12

which part of the body does the Serous Membrane line?

Answer 12

Cavities that do not open directly to he outside
ex) visceral, and parietal pleura of lungs

Question 13

What does Cutaneous Membranes/ skin consists of?

Answer 13

• stratified squamous epithelium over areolar connective
  tissue and dense irregular connective tissue (dermis).

Question 14

what are Synovial membranes?

Answer 14

a specialized connective tissue

Question 15

which part of the body does the Synovial Membrane line?

Answer 15

lines the synovial (JOINTS) cavities

Question 16

what is the function of Synovial Membranes?

Answer 16

secrete synovial fluid thus lubricating and supporting bones that move

Question 17

what does Synovial membranes lack?

Answer 17

epithelium

Question 18

what are muscle tissue and its function?

Answer 18

a highly cellular, well-vascularied tissue that is responsible for movement

Question 19

what do muscle cells have

Answer 19

myofilaments

Question 20

what are myofilaments made up of and what are they responsible for?

Answer 20

made up of actin and myosin proteins that are responsible for contraction

Question 21

what are the 3 kinds of muscle?

Answer 21

1) skeletal muscle
2) smooth muscle
3) cardiac muscle

Question 22

out of the 3 kinds of muscle which muscle is voluntary?

Answer 22

skeletal

Question 23

out of the 3 kinds of muscle which muscle is involuntary?

Answer 23

cardiac and smooth muscle

Question 24

what is a skeletal muscle and where can you find it?

Answer 24

skeletal muscles are also known as muscle fibres. It is attached to the skeleton

Question 25

what is skeletal muscle composed of?

Answer 25

long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells

Question 26

what are smooth muscle and where can they be found?

Answer 26

they are unstriated, small, uninucleate and spindle-shaped. found in the walls of hallow organs

Question 27

what are cardiac muscle and where can they be found?

Answer 27

they are striated, uninucleate and branched. can be found only in the heart

Question 28

what does the cardiac muscle have?

Answer 28

intercalated discs where cardiac cells are joined

Question 29

what does neurons specialize in?

Answer 29

generating and conducting electrical impulses

Question 30

what does neuroglia specialize in?

Answer 30

to support, insulate and protect the neurons

Question 31

what are the two ways tissue repair occurs?

Answer 31

regeneration and fibrosis

Question 32

what happens to damaged cells during regeneration?

Answer 32

damaged cells are replaced with the SAME TYPE OF CELL

Question 33

what happens to damaged cells during fibrosis?

Answer 33

damaged cells are replaced with FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Question 34

what are the 3 steps to tissue repair

Answer 34

1) inflammation 2) organization 3) regeneration/fibrosis

Question 35

what happens during inflammation?

Answer 35

- prepares the area for repair - by dilating blood vessels and increasing in blood vessel permeability - chemicals are released by the damaged tissue - scabbing and clotting happens

Question 36

what happens during organization?

Answer 36

- replaces the blood clot with granulation tissue - restore blood supply

Question 37

what happens during regeneration/fibrosis?

Answer 37

- restore tissue - scab detaches as fibrous tissue mature - epithelium thickens and begins to resemble adjacent tissue

Question 38

what does scar tissue causes?

Answer 38

- organs lose volume capacity - blocks substance from moving through organ - interfere with ability of muscles to contract or impair nerve transmissions