Lesson 19 Flashcards
A quick introduction to the conditional and present perfect verb tenses.
What is the present perfect tense in Spanish?
The present perfect tense is constructed by using the auxiliary verb haber (have) with the past participle of the primary verb:
- An immediate past: “She hasn’t eaten yet” –> Todavía noha comido**
- Information independent of time: “I haven’t gone out with Jorge” –> No he salido con Jorge
- A past inhabited by the speaker: “Recently, I’ve been very sad” –> Recientemente he estado muy triste
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I haven’t eaten yet
Todavía no he comido
I have (present perfect) - yo he. Notice that we already learned the impersonal conjugation of haber in the third person (hay–> there is, there are). When haber is used as an auxiliary verb, as it is used here, it can be conjugated for every person
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You haven’t done your homework
No has hecho tu tarea
you have (present perfect) - tú has
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Monica has been happy lately
Monica ha estado contenta últimamente
he/she has (present perfect) - él/ella/ud ha
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Eduardo, Miguel and I have not gone out yet
Eduardo, Miguel, y yo todavía no hemos salido
we have (present perfect) - nosotros hemos
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You (vosotros) have not loved
Vosotros no habéis amado
you have (present perfect) - vosotros habéis
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They have not finished their homework
Ellos no han terminado su tarea
they have (present perfect) - ellos/ellas/uds han
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TO HAVE (Present Perfect)
- I have (eaten)
- You have (eaten)
- He/She has (eaten)
- We have (eaten)
- You have (eaten)
- They have (eaten)
HABER (Tiempo Pretérito Perfecto)
- Yo he (comido)
- Tú has (comido)
- Él/Ella/Ud ha (comido)
- Nosotros hemos (comido)
- Vosotros habéis (comido)
- Ellos/Ellas/Uds han (comido)
What is the past participle ending for -ar verbs like amar?
Participio de verbos que terminan en -ar como amar (-ado)
- Yo he amado
- Tú as amado
- Él ha amado
- Nosotros hemos amado
- Vosotros habéis amado
- Ellos han amado
What is the past participle ending for -er and -ir verbs like comer?
Participio de verbos que terminan en -er e -ir como comer (-ido)
- Yo he comido
- Tú has comido
- Él ha comido
- Nosotros hemos comido
- Vosotros habéis comido
- Ellos han comido
What is the Past Perfect Tense in Spanish?
The Past Perfect Tense is formed by using haber as an auxiliary verb. Haber is conjugated in the imperfect tense with the past participle of the primary verb. It describes the past of the past:
- “They had already left” –> Ya se habían ido
- “They had eaten all of the food” –> Habían comido toda la comida
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TO HAVE (Past Perfect)
- I had (eaten)
- You had (eaten)
- He/She had (eaten)
- We had(eaten)
- You had (eaten)
- They had (eaten)
HABER (Tiempo Pluscuamperfecto)
- Yo había (comido)
- Tú habías (comido)
- Él/Ella/Ud había (comido)
- Nosotros habíamos (comido)
- Vosotros habíais (comido)
- Ellos/Ellas/Uds habían (comido)
What is the conditional tense in Spanish?
The conditional tense in Spanish generally corresponds to the English “would + (verb)” and expresses an uncertainity of the future. It is used to:
- Root a future action in the past: “Jorge told me that he’d go out at ten” –> Jorge me dijo que saldría a las diez
- Express hypothetical thoughts: “I would help you with your homework, but I am busy today” –> Te ayudaría con tu tarea, pero estoy ocupado hoy
- Allow room for a probability that may include conjecture: “With whom would Marta go out so late at night?” –> ¿Con quién saldría tan tarde Marta?
- Express a courteous request: “Would you allow me to use your car?” –> ¿Me dejaría usar su coche?
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I would talk but I don’t want to
Hablaría pero no quiero
I would talk - hablaría. Note that regular -ar, -er, and -ir ending verbs are conjugated the same way in the conditional tense, with the endings simply added onto the infinitive
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You would run, but you broke your leg
Correrías, pero te rompiste la pierna
you would run - correrías
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José would write a book on Mexican art, but he’s too busy
José escribiría un libro sobre el arte mexicano, pero está demasiado ocupado
he/she would write - escribiría
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With whom would we sing?
¿Con quién cantaríamos?
we would sing- cantaríamos
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You (vosotros) would understand, but you’re not listening
Vostros entenderíais, pero no estais escuchando
you (vosotros) would understand - entederíais
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With whom would they talk to at this hour?
¿Con quién hablarían a esta hora?
they would talk - hablarían
What are the conditional endings for regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs?
Tiempo Condicional (-ar, -er, -ir)
- -ía (yo)
- -ías (tú)
- -ía (él)
- -íamos (nosotros)
- -íais (vosotros)
- -ían (ellos)
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Most men like sports
A la mayoría de los hombres les gustan los deportes
most - la mayoría de
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Good point
Buen punto
point - el punto. The word punto is also used to describe “points” in a sport or game, or to mean “period” in a sentence
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I will not go out with him. Period.
No voy a salir con él. Punto.
period - el punto
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Our teacher is in a coma
Nuestra maestra está en un coma
coma - el coma. Do not confuse this with la coma, which means “comma” (the punctuation mark)
