Lesson 2

Question 1

The initial goal of the forensic dentist is to obtain a set of postmortem photographs, readiographs and accurate dental charting on the unidentified person.

Answer 1

DENTAL IDENTIFICATION

Question 2

Develops when the number of fatalities in the incident exceeds the number the medical examiner or coroners facilities were designed
to handle

Answer 2

MULTIPLE FATALITY INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

Question 3

gov or judicial officer who has the power to conduct the incident

Answer 3

coroner

Question 4

The most complex and controversial area of forensic odontology

Answer 4

BITEMARKS EVIDENCE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

Question 5

Identification and reporting of abuse is a complex and emtional area.

Answer 5

ABUSE

Question 6

avulsed teeth, trauma, etc.

Answer 6

ABUSE

Question 7

The methods of _______ using the teeth include analyzing tooth development and eruption, studying tooth degradation, and measuring biochemical and trace element changes in dental structures.

Answer 7

AGE ESTIMATION

Question 8

_______,_______,________ may be called to provide ann opinion in standard of care, personal injury, dental fraud or other civil cases.

Answer 8

Forensic odontologists, forensic dentist and dentist

Question 9

A moral philosophy or philosophical thinking about morality, moral problems and moral judgement.

Answer 9

ETHICS

Question 10

T or F
Ethics in its strict sense is the same from morality

Answer 10

FALSE - Ethics in its strict sense is different from moralit

Question 11

Ethics in its strict sense is different from morality. Ethics is based upon knowledge and thinking; morality is based upon belief and feeling

Answer 11

Both statements are true

Question 12

Prescribed the individual’s correct behavior, allowing human beings to discern right from wrong.

Answer 12

ethics

Question 13

Modified T or F

Ethics is the same from morality. Ethics, it is about thinking about morality

Answer 13

1st statement is false, 2nd statement is true

Question 14

T or F

The most significant ethical issue in the forensic field, identified in a study conducted with lawyers and experts associated with the lawyers and experts associated with the american sciences, is essence.

Answer 14

F - competence

Question 15

How human perceptions and judgements can be influenced by other factors irrelevant to a specific case

Answer 15

COGNITIVE BIAS

Question 16

When irrelevant information given by third parties influences the conclusions

Answer 16

CONTEXTUAL BIAS

Question 17

When pre-existing beliefs or assumptions act on the interpretation of information and evidence

Answer 17

CONFIRMATION BIAS-

Question 18

When the professional disregards new information that does not correspond to their preliminary conclusion

Answer 18

PREVENTION OF COGNITIVE DISSONANCE

Question 19

include fabricated prints, estimated results without thorough examination, intentionally wrong results, or cover up errors

Answer 19

ETHICAL VIOLATIONS

Question 20

can involve lack of training, the pressure to perform tasks, overworked, and administrative error or a tendency to agree with someone else’s work

Answer 20

HONEST ERROR-

Question 21

affect all professionals, in any forensic

Answer 21

Cognitive bias-

Question 22

are even more influential because experts themselves believe them and there has been resistance to recognizing such biases and accepting appropriate measures to combat them.

Answer 22

Bias base conclusions

Question 23

According to ________, confirmation bias can take many forms

Answer 23

Nickerson

Question 24

For _______, is it essential to understand how bias enters the cognitive process, beside understanding the levels at which is possible

Answer 24

Byrd

Question 25

is defined when one awaits a certain result from an initial observation or analysis, because anticipation leads to the desired result.

Answer 25

Expectancy effect

Question 26

paying attention only to items of interest and disregarding information that contradicts what is expected

Answer 26

SELECTIVE ATTENTION

Question 27

stimulates the individual to only find information that confirms what the individual believes, disregarding all other date that is not interesting to him:

Answer 27

COMBINING SELECTIVE ATTENTION AND EXPECTANCY EFFECT

Question 28

defined when two people, due to their profession, collect disparate information at a crime scene, because each expert will focus on different aspects according to their role

Answer 28

ROLE EFFECT

Question 29

the act of accepting opinions, beliefs, and behavior from colleagues because the experts submits to the opinion of colleagues

Answer 29

CONFORMITY EFFECT

Question 30

is defined when strong motivation causes the desired result to be obtained. This motivation may arise from the desire to help solve crimes

Answer 30

DETERMINED PERCEPTIO

Question 31

the tendency to believe that a statement or conclusion is true despite the lack of convincing evidences, predisposing people to affirm what they believe to be true.

Answer 31

POSITIVITY BIAS

Question 32

means when, in a lengthy information-collecting process, the first data gathered is privileged to guide the conclusion and consequent decisions

Answer 32

PRIMARY EFFECT

Question 33

can alsoo cause bias, because evem in the face of the contradictory evidence, people who always think themselves right tend to defend their beliefs.

Answer 33

OVERCONFIDENCE

Question 34

Is a prejudice, a tendency that prevents impartial consideration and can stem from many sources

Answer 34

BIAS

Question 35

There is a degree of error in everything humans do. Variability in measurements of objects and observations is unavoidable. Error does not define a mistake but rather it describes this variability in measurement in the study

Answer 35

ERROR

Question 36

is a measure of ow close measurements are to the true value.

Answer 36

Accuracy of a measurement system

Question 37

is the degree to which repeated measures will produce the same results; how close the measures are to each other.

Answer 37

Precision

Question 38

information that could bias the participant is held back.

Answer 38

SINGLE BLIND STUDY

Question 39

In clinical trials, the participant will not know if they are assigned to the true experimental group or a control group.

Answer 39

SINGLE BLIND STUDY

Question 40

neither the researcher nor the participant is aware of the circumstance of the study.

Answer 40

DOUBLE-BLIND STUDY

Question 41

In this situation, the participant is randomly assigned to a group with the allocation held confidently by a third party.

Answer 41

DOUBLE-BLIND STUDY

Question 42

is a measure of the amount of true positives

Answer 42

SENSITIVITY

Question 43

is a measure of the amount of true negatives

Answer 43

SPECIFICITY

Question 44

a forensic odontologist is a dentist who specializes in the proper handling, examination, and evaluation of dental evidence, which may then be presented in the interest of justice in a court of law.

Answer 44

SPECIALTY CERTIFICATION

Question 45

T or F Morality is based upon knowledge and thinking; Ethics is based upon belief and feeling

Answer 45

False - Ethics is based upon knowledge and thinking; morality is based upon belief and feeling

Question 46

T or F Ethics prescribed the individual’s correct behavior, allowing human beings to discern WRONG from RIGHT

Answer 46

F - Ethics prescribed the individual’s correct behavior, allowing human beings to discern right from wrong

Question 47

In this situation, the participant is randomly assigned to a group with the allocation held confidently by a third party.

Answer 47

DOUBLE-BLIND STUD

Question 48

In clinical trials, the participant will not know if they are assigned to the true experimental group or a control group.

Answer 48

SINGLE BLIND STUDY

Question 49

is a dentist who specializes in the proper handling, examination, and evaluation of dental evidence, which may then be presented in the interest of justice in a court of law. C

Answer 49

forensic odontologist

Question 50

_____ is a nonscientific method, but is often used by the me/c when there is no significant question as to who the individual is, he remains are intact and viewable, and /LR the death was witnessed

Answer 50

visual identification

Question 51

Another biometric method of identification that relies on unique characteristics of the skeleton is to compare postmortem radiographs with antemortem radiographs with antemortem medical imaging and written records

Answer 51

ANTHROPOLOGY/ RADIOLOGY

Question 52

relies on accessible antemortem data

Answer 52

DNA

Question 53

may be the only viable method fro identifying severely fragmented or degraded remains

Answer 53

DNA analysis

Question 54

Give direct primary dna sources

Question 55

A dental identification is the most common biometric method fro identifying burned, decomposed, skeletonized and fragmented remains

Answer 55

DENTAL

Question 56

is the hardest biological substance in the human body, and posterior teeth are well protected by soft tissues (tongue, facial musculature adn adipose tissue)

Answer 56

tooth enamel

Question 57

no two individuals have the same exact dental features

Answer 57

Tooth morphology

Question 58

_____can be done quickly in inexpensively

Answer 58

A postmortem dental examination

Question 59

______ of missing persons are kept in several national databases to compare with newly discovered remains

Question 60

Even in mass fatality incidents, it is the most expedient method for identifying burned, fragmented and decomposed human remains

Answer 60

Dental idntiication

Question 61

is the art and study of recording fingerprints as a means identification

Answer 61

DACTYLOGRAPHY

Question 62

is the art of identification

Answer 62

DACTYLOSCOPY

Question 63

is the study of the pores found on the papillary of friction ridges of the skin for purposes of identification

Answer 63

POROSCOPY

Question 64

Typically an investigation into a criminal death cannot begin until the victim has been positively identified

Answer 64

CRIMINAL

Question 65

Individuals from many religious background may not remarry unless their spouses are confirmed deceased

Answer 65

MARRIAGE

Question 66

The payment of pensions, life insurance and other benefits relies upon positiv confirmation of death.

Answer 66

MONETARY

Question 67

Many religions require that a positive identification be made prior to burial in a geographical site

Answer 67

BURIAL

Question 68

Society’s duty to preserve human rights and dignity beyond life begin with the basic premise of an identity

Answer 68

SOCIAL

Question 69

The identification of individuals missing for prolonged periods can bring sorrowful relief to the family members

Answer 69

CLOSURE