LESSON 2

Question 1

__ has been a key factor in disaster management particularly when it comes to controlling the loss due to the impact of disaster that have struck an area. The loss may vary from simple break in the resources up to the more severe one such as having a mass casualties and victims whose life is at risk.

Answer 1

Disaster response

Question 2

When __ within your area list down the 5 things that you need to do. Also list down 5 things that you should avoid during times of disaster.

Answer 2

disaster strikes

Question 3

__ is the action that is being done by people during before and after the impact of disaster no matter what type that hits the area. One of the most common effect of disaster is that there would be victims.

Answer 3

Disaster Response

Question 4

As a member of the community and future professional it is a key point that each individual must have basic information on how to apply __ based on the different situation.

Answer 4

First Aid

Question 5

__ are people who have been incapacitated or injured that needs help.

Answer 5

Victims

Question 6

__ is immediate act of providing care towards the victim.

Answer 6

First-aid

Question 7

First- aud aims to provide the following:

Answer 7

 Preventing the condition to worsen.
 Prevent additional number of casualties.
 Promote better patient handling.
 Mitigate victim’s suffering.

Question 8

The components of first-aid

Answer 8

Victim
Helper
Sickness/Injury
Physiological
Psychological

Question 9

Identifying, assessing the condition. It is someone who needs help

Answer 9

Victim

Question 10

the one who will provide assistants and the one who will be performing first aid to the victim.

Answer 10

Helper

Question 11

The one responsible for the victim’s suffering. It may be classified into the following

Answer 11

Sickness/Injury

Question 12

injury from blunt trauma or wounds

Answer 12

Physiological

Question 13

stress on the person’s mind due to the impact of disaster.

Answer 13

Psychological

Question 14

We need to learn the ABC’s of prioritizing the victim’s condition.

Answer 14

• Airway
• Breathing
• Circulation

Question 15

Unlike in the situation where we look first to those who are in critical situation. We need to identify first those who are able to move. The reason for this is that we can use them as an additional resource of manpower in helping those who are in critical state.

Answer 15

Prioritization

Question 16

let us now categorize injuries that we may encounter during times of disaster.

Answer 16

Injuries and their First-Aid

Question 17

During certain disasters, a __ wound may occur, e.g., piercing by flying building material during a cyclone, being struck down by building debris, scratching by a sharp object.

Answer 17

Bleeding

Question 18

• Whenever there is a loss of blood exceeding 1.__ of the total blood in a human body, this may cause
2.__ and when no immediate help is given could result in 3.__.

Answer 18

1. 20%
2. unconsciousness
3. death

Question 19

• Blood flows from the wound. A wound represents a 1.__ for microorganisms enter the body, therefore the wound should be 2.__to prevent possible infection.

Answer 19

1. window
2. covered immediately

Question 20

1. __occurs when there is no open wound but bleeding occurs within the body of the victim. The areas that are prone to _ are the 2.__, the __ . The best action for this it to 3.__, and by taking him/her a clinic or hospital as quickly as possible, because the treatment is limited to those with special competence.

Answer 20

1. Internal bleeding
2. thoracic cavity, stomach cavity and the head
3. calm the victim

Question 21

Occurs when skin is scratched and blood seeps out of the body which can be classified into different types

Answer 21

External bleeding

Question 22

External bleeding different types:

Answer 22

Puncture
Abrasion
Laceration
Avulsion
Incision
Amputation

Question 23

A type of wound that is caused by an object piercing through the flesh.

Answer 23

Puncture

Question 24

It mainly caused by scraping or friction with a rough object.

Answer 24

Abrasion

Question 25

This type is seen to be caused by tearing or crushing force.

Answer 25

Laceration

Question 26

A wound wherein the tissue is detached from the normal

Answer 26

Avulsion

Question 27

This is caused by a sharp object cutting through the flesh.

Answer 27

Incision

Question 28

A loss of limb or parts such as finger due to crushing or tearing force.

Answer 28

Amputation

Question 29

Things to consider when providing first-aid to external wound.

Answer 29

 Prevent the bleeding by applying pressure to the wound with a clean cloth or a gauze.  If an object is lodged on the wound do not attempt to pull the impaled object.  Clean the wound with antiseptic solution to prevent further infection  Locate and position the wound and place it in higher position to minimize blood flow.  Cover the wound with a clean cloth or gauze to prevent possibility of infection.  You may use tourniquet or clean bandages to apply pressure to the vessels.

Question 30

A type of injury that may be caused by the fire, electric shock, and chemical. Avoid giving menthol-based cream to the burned victim. Since menthol only increases the pain, the patient is experiencing, it doesn’t cool them.

Answer 30

Burn

Question 31

Burn types

Answer 31

Friction burn Cold burn Thermal burn Chemical burn Electrical burn

Question 32

Caused by object being rubbed onto the skin.

Answer 32

Friction Burn

Question 33

Also known as frostbite due to the extreme low temperature.

Answer 33

Cold Burn

Question 34

Caused by sudden spike in the temperature due to extreme heat.

Answer 34

Thermal Burn

Question 35

Caused by solvents coming in contact with the body.

Answer 35

Chemical Burn

Question 36

Caused by the current flowing through the body.

Answer 36

Electrical Burn

Question 37

Also known as surface burn. The only affected part is the outer layer of the skin. It is considered to be the most painful degree of burn. The burned part may appear to be red and warm to touch.

Answer 37

1st Degree

Question 38

The burn that goes deeper into the dermis blister may form. The part may look swollen and red. Depends on the depth a scar may form causing permanent damage.

Answer 38

2nd Degree

Question 39

Severe form of burn wherein two full layers of the skin and layers of muscle got damaged. Instead of appearing red the burnt area may appear black from the muscles being seared. No pain can be felt due to the pain receptors being totally damaged.

Answer 39

3rd Degree

Question 40

In the case of __ instead of redness the color of the skin is that purple shade due to sheer cold to touch the severe case may show signs that the patient no longer feels pain or any other stimulus in the affected area due to the damaged nerve endings in the skin.

Answer 40

frostbite

Question 41

First-Aid for Burn

Answer 41

 Try to cool down the affected area by pouring or by soaking in a cold water.  Do not pop the blisters, it will only cause the area to be prone to infection. In case of the burn wound begins to peel off immediately cover with a clean cloth or gauze. This is done to prevent infection from occurring at the burn site.  When proving bandage to the wound it is better to know that it is more important to use gauze instead of cotton to prevent fibers sticking to the wound.  Bandaging of wound is different from bandaging a burn. The main focus for burn is to completely cover the wound than tightening the bandage.

Question 42

This injury is formed by the bones being broken due to trauma or crushing forces from a falling debris or the person falling from a certain height.

Answer 42

Fracture

Question 43

Types of Fractures

Answer 43

 Closed: Greenstick Transverse Spiral Oblique Segmental Compression  Open  Comminuted

Question 44

A type of fracture wherein the broken bone occurs from within and is classified to different forms.

Answer 44

Closed

Question 45

the bone is partially broken.

Answer 45

Greenstick

Question 46

the broken line is through the bone but there is no detachment.

Answer 46

Transverse

Question 47

the bone is broken in a __ direction mainly from twisting.

Answer 47

Spiral

Question 48

The bone is broken in a diagonal position; it can also be seen on the open type fracture.

Answer 48

Oblique

Question 49

The bone is broken into two way leaving a floating bone in the middle.

Answer 49

Segmental

Question 50

The bone is crushed causing it to be wider and flatter.

Answer 50

Compression

Question 51

A fracture wherein the bone protrudes from the flesh and skin.

Answer 51

Open

Question 52

The bone is shattered into two or more pieces.

Answer 52

Comminuted

Question 53

First-Aid for fractured victims. In attending for fractured victim, we must recognize first the signs and symptoms which are the following:

Answer 53

 Black and blue  Swollen  Very painful when touched or moved  Change in form  Broken neck bone can be noticed when there are wounds on both head and neck  Broken backbone can be noticed when there is a difference in the length of the legs  Broken rib-bone is followed by breathing difficulties.

Question 54

The main priority in providing first-aid for fractures is that we need to __ the affected area by means of bandaging or securing the parts with splints.

Answer 54

immobilize

Question 55

If the area like the__ is broken a splint in no longer needed, instead bind the shoulder to retain and secure the position.

Answer 55

collarbone

Question 56

For the __ fixate the position without moving the affected area and cover the wound to prevent entry for infection.

Answer 56

open fracture

Question 57

This bag can be made by everyone wherein it should always be with you at all times as a form of disaster response.

Answer 57

Emergency Response bag/Disaster Kit

Question 58

The content of the emergency response bag should be as follows;

Answer 58

 Antiseptic Solutions (betadine, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol)  Gauze  Adhesive tape  Band-aid  Scissors  Bandage  Tweezers  Cotton balls  Medicines (pain reliever, paracetamol, loperamide)

Question 59

For the disaster kit it should have the following:

Answer 59

 Bottled water  Mobile phone  Additional money  Sweets/crackers  Flashlight  Whistle  Emergency rope  Multipurpose tool  Waterproof matches

Question 60

It is better if you always participate during __ as well a converse with family members as to how to performs your specific roles and conduct drills at home for disaster preparedness.

Answer 60

disaster drill