Lesson 2 Flashcards
(8 cards)
What are the three different covenants of redemptive history?
- Redemption: God’s covenant among Father, Son, and Holy Spirit
- Works: God’s covenant with Adam, the federal head
- Grace: God’s covenant with the elect in Christ
What are the similarities and differences between the Covenant of Works and the Covenant of Grace?
- The Covenant of works and the covenant of grace treat the works of the first and last Adam
- “Covenant of Grace” is a theological term
- Covenant Works (CoW) and Covenant of Grace (CoG)
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Points of Similarity
* Author - God is the author of both
* Parties - God and Man
* External Form - Conditions and promises to both
* Content of the Promise - Both have conditions, and punishments for disobedience
* General Aim is the same in both - **Points of Difference **
* Identity and Motivation of God -
1 - CoW - Love and Obedience are motivations
2 - CoG - God is redeamer and mercy and grace are motivations
* Mediator
1. CoW - No Mediator
2. CoG - Jesus is Mediator
* Contingency
1. CoW - Contiengent on obedience of Adam
2. CoG - Contiengent on obedience of Christ - last adam
* Revelation
1. CoW - Partly known by nature and partly known by special revelation
2. CoG - Exclusively known by Special Revelation
How is the Covenant of Grace a trinitarian covenant?
- The Father elects - Jn 1:12-13
- The Son who fulfills the requirements of the CoW in the Elect Eph 1:7ff
3, The Spirit applies Christ’s work to the Elect Rom 8:3-4
Detail the organic connection of the covenants throughout Scripture
- The elect are saved in the same manner throughout all of the Administrations of the CoG - Gal 3:8-9
- The CoG starts at Gen 3:15 - the promise of the one who will crush the head of the serpent.
- God preserves a seed to Himself in Gen 6:8-9 (Noaic Covenant)
- God restates His Covenant promise (Gen 3:15) to Abraham in Gen 15 (The commands now become promises)
- Mosaic Covenant builds upon the Abrahamic Covenant (Ex 2:24)
- The Davidic Covenant builts upon the Abrahamic Covenant 2 Sam 7
- Combination of all Covenant are seen in the promise of the NC Ez 37:24ff.
- NC is unfolded in Matt 26:28; Heb 9:19; Gal 3:7-8 (On CoG) ;
- Christ is the Mediator Jn 14:6; Acts 4:12;
- In the end, the CoG is unconditional
What is the structure of redemptive history? Be able to examine it with 2-3 OT passages. What does this mean for the coming of Christ?
What is the significance of the Shiloh Prophecy?
Descriptive of the Last Days - Eschoton
- The Shiloh Prophecy (Gen 49:8-12)
- First place we encounter “last days”
- Not just chronological but eschatological
- Greek Sep - Eschoton - Last days
- Prophecy of blessings and curses: “The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet, until tribute comes to him; and to him shall be the obedience of the peoples.” (Gen 49:10)
- Highly debated and variously interpreted
- Judah’s brothers will praise him, and he will conquer his enemies
- Seed of the woman
- Abraham, Issac, Jacob, Judah
- Jacob is raising the Judah above his brothers
- Jacob (seed of Christ) will concur his enemies v8 -> Gentiles outside of Abraham line.
- Likened to a lion v9
- Likened to Christ
- Medianic prophecy, Christ will come in the Line of Judah
- He will reign over all of Isreal
- He will reign over the Gentiles
- First portion is easily understood
- Gen 49:10
- Septer - Symbol of Kingly authority
- Septer of divine rule will belong to Judah’s descendants
- Feed -> Offspring
- Letter half is more difficult
- ESV: “until tribute comes to him”
- NIV: “until he comes to it belongs”
- The Septer will remain between Judah’s feet until He = whome it belongs - comes to take it.
- See Vos, Pauline Eschatology, p. 2
- Jacob is prophisying about the last days.
- Convergency of Christ and the Last Days.
- It is not just going to happen in the future.
- Christ will consummate the ages and usher in “The Last Days.”
- Confirmation of this interpretation in Rev 7:9
- The rest of the Shiloh prophecy anticipates the reign
- Gen 49:11
- Mt 21:4-5
- Amos 9:13-15
- This prophecy is “descriptive of the eschatological state.” (Vos, Eschatology of the OT, 102)
Describe the “overlap of the ages” and its theological implications
- The present evil age overlaps with The Age to Come.
- This is between Christ’s accention and His second comming
- It is the great tribulation overlapping the Melleum
- Blessings and tribulations / trials.
- until the final judgement at the point of Christ’s second coming.
- The “Present Evil Age” ends at Christ’s second advent and the Final Judgement.
A. Our effectual calling, Faith, and Justification, and beginning of Sanctification -> They are already
B. Our conclusion of sanctification and our gorification is Not Yet
C. Our conquest of sin i(no longer waring in our flesh) is Not Yet.
D. Christ has begun His reign, sitting on the right hand of God the Father -> Already
E. Final Judgemetn, Conquest of Christ’s enemies -> Not yet.
A. Escatology does not come at the end.
B. Christology is Scatolgoy
C. The King’s (Christ) coming is Escatology in that Christ’s first coming ushers in “The Age to Come.”
D. Soteriology is Escatology -> overlap of the ages
* Order of Salvation
* We are seatted with Christ (already) but not yet fully with Christ (not yet).
* One foot planted and united with Christ.
* One foot planted in This prsent evil age.
E. The church lives between the times (already and not yet).
How does the NT reveal that Christ’s ministry is a sign of the eschaton?
Christ’s Ministry
1. Christ’s preaching to the poor (Isa 61:1-2; Lk 4:17-21)
1. Christ’s miracles (Isa 35:4-6; Mt 11:4-6)
1. Healing diseases caused by Satan (Lk 13:11-16)
1. The Wicked Overcome
1. Emphatic declaration of the advent of the kingdom (Mt 12:28)
1. The arrival entails the binding of the strongman
1. The Resurrection of the Dead
1. Viewed as an end time event
1. OT: Dan 12:1-2
1. NT: 1 Thess 4:16-17
1. The resurrection has begun with the resurrection of Christ (1 Cor 15:22-23; Lev 23:10)
1. Christ’s Inaugurate Reign
1. Promise in OT of the reign of the Messiah (Ps 110:1)
1. The fulfillment found in Christ’s ascension (Acts 2.32-36)
1. Attestation of Christ’s kingly rule: Eph 1:20-22
1. The NT and the Last Days
1. Pentecost (Joel 2:32; Acts 2:15-17)
1. Opening of Hebrews (Heb 1:1-2)
1. The last hour (1 John 2:18)
1. Elijah and John the Baptist (Mal 4:5-6; Matt 11:12-14; 17:11-12)
1. Presence of eschatological realities
1. Eschatological wrath (Rom 1:18)
1. Condemnation of the wicked (2 Cor 2:16; John 3:18-19)
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