Lesson 2

Question 1

What does ureter do?

Answer 1

Transport urine to bladder

Question 2

What does the urethra do?

Answer 2

Carried urine outside for elimination

Question 3

What does the sphincter muscle do?

Answer 3

Muscle which allows conscious control of urine release

Question 4

What is ultrafiltration?

Answer 4

Filtration under pressure that separates small soluble molecules from the blood plasma to kidney

Question 5

How is high hydrostatic pressure generated in glomerulus?

Answer 5

Because afferent arteriole is wider than the efferent arteriole

Question 6

How is glomerular filtrate formed?

Answer 6

Blood plasma forced through:
• Pores in the endothelial cells of glomerulus capillary wall
• Basement membrane, acting as a molecular sieve
• Filtered between feet of podocytes

Question 7

What substances pass into glomerular filtrate?

Answer 7

• Water and amino acids, fatty acids, small proteins
• Salts
• Glucose
• Urea

Question 8

What substances remain in blood?

Answer 8

• RBC and WBC
• Large plasma proteins
• Platelets

Question 9

How is water and other molecules forced out of blood?

Answer 9

• High hydrostatic pressure (due to EA being narrower than AA)
• High pressure fluid forced out of blood into pores in endothelial cells of glomerulus capillary walls and then through basement membrane

Question 10

How does basement membrane act as a sieve and what happens next?

Answer 10

Only allows small molecules to pass through such as:
• Glucose, water, salts, urea
• These then filtered through feet of podocytes so glomerular filtrate formed in Bowman’s capsule