Lesson 2: Cardiovascular disease

Question 1

What builds up in coronary arteries when people have coronary heart disease?

Answer 1

• Fatty Material

Question 2

What is the build up of fatty material in arteries often caused by? (2)

Answer 2

• Lack of exercise
• Eating a lot of food (obesity)

Question 3

What is the impact of fatty material building up in coronary arteries?

Answer 3

• Narrows the artery
• Reduces blood flow through coronary arteries
• Less oxygen supplied to the heart.
• Build up of lactic acid = heart attack.

Question 4

What do statins do?

Answer 4

• Statins lower blood cholsterol levels which slows down fatty deposit build up.

Question 5

What is meant by cardiovascular disease?

Answer 5

• Anything related to the heart and blood vessels.

Question 6

Give 2 advantages of statins.

Answer 6

• Reduce risk of stroke, heart attack, coronary heart disease. (effective treatment.)
• Increases healthy cholesterol (this gets rid of unhealthy one.)

Question 7

Give 2 disadvantages of statins.

Answer 7

• Negative side- effects ie. kidney failure/ memory loss.
• Isn’t instant –> takes time.

Question 8

What is a stent?

Answer 8

• A metal mesh that expands arteries + pushes fatty deposit.

Question 9

What is the impact of the stent?

Answer 9

• Expands artery, making it easier for blood to flow through.
• Supplies oxygen to the heart muscle.

Question 10

Give 2 advantages of stents

Answer 10

• Reduce risk of coronary heart disease (allows blood to flow normally)
• Surgery recovery time = quick

Question 11

Give 2 disadvantages of stents.

Answer 11

• Stent could break
• May lead to blood clot near stent.

Question 12

What happens during blood clotting when you get a cut?

Answer 12

• Platlets fill the gap where the cut has been made, ensuring blood doesn’t get lost.

Question 13

Why are blood clots in arteries negative?

Answer 13

• Means that blood isn’t flowing and carrying oxygen well.

Question 14

What are 2 incidents where the heart valves are faulty?

Answer 14

1.) Not opening properly
2.) A gap that devolops a leak (causing backflow)

Question 15

What are the consequences of faulty valves?

Answer 15

1.) Less blood going through
2.) Backflow (making it inefficient.) from a leak.
3.) Patient may feel tired and weak because of this.

Question 16

What is the solution to faulty valves?

Answer 16

• Replace with mechanical/ biological valves.

Question 17

What 3 things may cause a heart valve to be weakened?

Answer 17

• Infection
• Old age
• Heart attacks

Question 18

If there is heart failure what can be done to solve this issue?

Answer 18

• Transplant donor heart and lung.

Question 19

What is an artifical heart?

Answer 19

• A mechanical device that is temporarily used to pump blood around body
• Used ocasionally to keep patient alive whilst waiting for heart transplant or to allow heart to rest as recovery.

Question 20

What are the 2 cases where artifical hearts are used?

Answer 20

• Waiting for donor heart
• Resting heart after heart attack

Question 21

Give 1 advantage of artificial hearts.

Answer 21

• Less likely to be rejected by body because made of metals/ plastic

Question 22

Give 3 disadvantages of artifical hearts.

Answer 22

• Bleeding (patient needs to take anticlotting.)
• Unreliable (may break)
• Blood clots

during surgery = infection

Question 23

Give 2 advantage of heart transplants.

Answer 23

• Reliable and healthy (blood flows smoothly.)
• Long- term solution

Question 24

Give 2 disadvantages of heart transplants.

Answer 24

• Patient needs to take drugs to stop heart from being rejected.
• Not enough donated hearts for everyone.

Question 25

Why is bleeding an issue when fitting artifical heart?

Answer 25

- Blood is thinned to reduce clots - This means there will be a lot of bleeding if there was an accident.

Question 26

Why does a high blood pressure increase likelihood of coronary heart disease?

Answer 26

- High pressure puts extra strain on the heart muscle. | *High blood pressure requires more energy to push*

Question 27

What is coronary heart disease?

Answer 27

- The narrowing of the coronary arteries due to a build up of fatty deposit.

Question 28

Give 1 advantage and disadvantage of mechanical valves.

Answer 28

A: Lasts a lifetime D: Clot may form, patient needs to take anticlotting drugs.

Question 29

Give 1 advantage and disadvantage of biological valves.

Answer 29

A: Don't need to take anticlotting drugs D: Doesn't last a lifetime, needs to be replaced. More likely to need to be rejected by body.

Question 30

What is heart failure?

Answer 30

- When patient's heart can't transport enough blood around the body.

Question 31

Why would blockage in coronary arteries cause heart cells to die? (2)

Answer 31

- less blood flowing through the heart. - Less oxygen supplied to the cells.

Question 32

# Q.) Explain why only having one ventricle makes the circulatory system less efficient than having two ventricles.

Answer 32

- Blood will mix - Less oxygen will be transported to cells and tissues.