Lesson 2: During Rizal's Time Flashcards by Seanfiel Reyne Mercado

A conflict between the Northern states (Union) and the Southern states (Confederacy) over issues such as states’ rights and slavery, resulting in the preservation of the Union and the abolition of slavery.

US Civil War (1861-1865)

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“All persons held as slaves within the rebellious states are, and hence forward shall be free.”

Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863

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President by the time of US Civil War

President Abraham Lincoln

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The next superpower after Spain according to Rizal.

United States of America

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Mother of all parliamentary governments

England / Great Britain

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Under the reign of ____________ it has transformed into European superpower wherein the African continent was their main target.

Queen Victoria (1837-1901

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Voting rights to the laborers were extended

Reform Bill of 1867

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Free education to all British students

Education Act of 1870

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Organization of worker unions were allowed (workers’ rights and privileges)

England / Great Britain

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Colonies: (Asia-Sri Lanka, Singapore, Bangladesh, Burma, Brunei, India, British HongKong, Pakistan) Egypt, Australia, New Zealand

England / Great Britain

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The Battle of Manila was fought during the Seven Years’ War, from 24 September 1762 to 6 October 1762, between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Spain in and around Manila, the capital of the Philippines, a Spanish colony at that time. The British won, leading to a twenty-month occupation of Manila.

British occupation of Manila (only in Manila)

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Headed by Count Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi, and the “Red Shirts” outdo the Austrian and French forces from Italy

Italy

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Also called the Red coats, are volunteers who followed the Italian patriot Giuseppe Garibaldi during his campaigns.

Red Shirts

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Major tourist spot (magnificent churches and plaza)

Italy

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Lavished with several kingdoms worked by the unification efforts of King Immanuel II (except the Vatican City)

Italy

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A state within the sovereign territory in Italy proclaimed under the Lateran Treaty of 1929 and have chosen Rome as its capital.

Vatican City

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Also known as Prussia

Germany

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Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg was a Prussian statesman and diplomat who oversaw the unification of Germany

Otto von Bismarck

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Attacked France in 1870 and their military domination was quite strong

Germany

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Colonies: (Pacific – Palau Islands, Northern Marianas, Caroline Islands) some parts of Africa

Germany

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After the French Revolution in 1789, the empire continued the rise of the power of Emperor Napoleon III

France

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Invaded Vietnam with the help of Filipino forces under the Spanish regime, unified with Cambodia (1863) and Laos (1893) known as the French Indochina

France

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Governed by Mogul empire wherein Sepoy soldiers staged a mutiny and murdered some British commanders of the army that time. Thus, British authorities hired loyal Indian soldiers to disintegrate the Mogul empire then re-establish again the British colonialism in India

India

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One of the oldest trade partners of the Philippines

China

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Ruled by Manchu Dynasty when Taiping rebellion happened between 1852 to 1864

China

Beyond the health problems related to opium addiction, the increasing opium trade with the Western powers meant that for the first time, China imported more goods than it exported. Settling this financial problem eventually led to the war between Great Britain and China, from 1839 to 1842.

Opium War

Opium War before Rizal was born in 1861 became one of the economic turmoil wherein Hongkong was surrendered under several treaties and agreements

China

Known for its ports that time wherein merchant and passenger ships loaded and unloaded goods from place to place

Singapore

Attained independence and established the state after the separation from the Federation of Malaya in 1965

Singapore

The 19th Century Philippine Context: Economic Factor → Political Factor → Religious Factor → Socio-Cultural Factor →

Framework of Discussion

End of Galleon Trade Opening of the Suez Canal Instability of Colonial Administration Rise of Export Crop and Monopoly Land Ownership

Economic Factors

Route: Manila – Acapulco- Seville

Galleon Trade

Provided financial assistance (capital) to engage in the trade owned by the Church

Obras Pias

Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade ended in 1815 before Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821

End of Galleon Trade

Ticket to join the galleon trade

Boleta

Subsidiya o tulong na ibinibigay ng Mexico sa Pilipinas

Real Situado

Highest Class in Luzon

Maginoo

Middle Class in both Luzon and Visayas

Timawa

Two types of Alipin in Luzon

Aliping Namamahay at Aliping Sagigilid

Highest Class in Visayas

Datu

Isang alipin o tao na walang anumang ari-arian at nakatira sa tahanan ng mismong maharlika o timawang kanyang pinaglilingkuran dahil siyang tiuring ding pag-aari ng kanyang mga pangnoon.

Aliping Sagigilid

Highest Class in Colonial Society

Principales

Ang mas mataas na uri na alipin kaysa sa aliping saguiguilid sapagkat ay siya ay may sariling pamamahay at ari-arian.

Aliping Namamahay

Lowest Class in Visayas

Oripun

tatlong klase ng Oripun sa Visayas

Aliping Ayuey, Aliping Tumataban at Aliping Tumarampuk

Sukdulang alipin at nagsisilbi sa bahay ng kanilang panginoon o amo. Sa lahat ng alipin, sila lamang ang binibigyan ng damit at pagkain ng kanilang panginoon. Pag namatay sila, lahat ng ari-arian nila ay kinukuha ng panginoon.

Aliping Ayuey

Iginagalang sa lahat ng mga alipin. Ang halaga nila ay 1 tael ng ginto, katumbas ng 6 pesos. Nagsisilbi lamang sila kung may pagdiriwang o handaan sa bahay ng panginoon. Inaasahan silang magbigay ng munting handog sa ganuong pagdiriwang. Nagdadala rin sila ng alak na gagamitin sa handaan

Aliping Tumataban

Sa bawat 4 araw, 3 araw silang nagsisilbi at isang araw lamang ang pahinga nila.

Aliping Ayuey

Aliping nakatira sa sarili nilang bahay, hindi sa bahay ng kanilang panginoon. At sa halip na magsilbi sila 3 sa bawat 4 araw, isang araw (1) lamang sila nagsisilbi sa bawat 4 araw.

Aliping Tumarampuk

Agent of Liberal Ideology; spread of news from other countries and Ease of Travel from the Pacific to Europe

Opening of the Suez Canal

Since the turbulent reign of King Ferdinand VII (1808-1833) marked the political chaos in Spain and has struggle between forces of despotism and liberalism

Instability of Colonial Administration

From 1834-1862, Spain has adopted 4 constitutions, elected 28 parliaments and installed no less than 529 ministers with portfolios

Instability of Colonial Administration

Representative of the King in the colonies

Governor General

Counterpart of the current/present day governor

Provincial Government Alcaldia (Alcalde-Mayor)

Head Constable / Sheriff

Aguacil Mayor

Functions: Executive and Judicial; Head of the Real Audiencia (Highest Court)

Governor General

Present day City Council

City Government Ayuntamiento (Cabildo)

Places that was not developed and residents are not yet pacified or baptized

Corregimiento (Corregidor)

Power to investigate the performance of the governor-general to be replaced

Recidencia

Present Day "Mayor"

Alcalde-Mayor

Councilors

Regidores

Scribe/ Secretary

Secretary

Present day "Baranggay"

Barrio (Cabeza de Barangay)

The highest position that with a native blood can assume, occupied by Principales in Pueblo (Town).

Gobernadorcillo

Export of Abaca (Manila Hemp) and Coffee to foreign trade

Rise of Export Crop and Monopoly

Land reward by the King of Spain to his loyal servants; right to collect tribute in a particular place

Encomienda

Land custodian, collector of taxes

Encomendero

3 Types of Encomienda

1. Encomienda De La Real Corona / Realanga (Land Of The King) 2. Encomienda Ecclesiastical 3. Encomienda Privado / Encomienda De Particulares

Tribute goes to private individuals or institutions; given to those who were close and loyal to the king and those who have helped in the process of colonization

Encomienda Privado / Encomienda De Particulares

Land gift to religious congregations and are agricultural lands

Hacienda

Land custodians, at some instances they are paid custodians

Inquilino

Tribute was offered to the king thru the alcalde-mayor; includes primary towns and ports

Encomienda De La Real Corona / Realanga (Land Of The King)

The richest landlords belonging to different religious orders and had obtained royal titles of ownership from the Spanish crown

Friars

Governor Anda, realizing the danger of friar-owned lands to Filipino-Spanish relations, strongly recommended to the Madrid government the sale of friar estates

Removal of friar-owned land

Tribute was offered to the Church

Encomienda Ecclesiastical

Rizal, were tenants of the _____________

Dominican estates of Calamba

Bourbon Reforms Liberalism and Rise of Nationalism Feudal System Corrupt Colonial Officials Philippine Representation in the Spanish Cortes Human Rights were denied to Indios Inequality before the Law Maladministration of Justice

Political Factors

Changes to the structure of the administration, to strengthen the power of the Spanish state, and increase revenues for the crown

Bourbon Reforms

Reforms were intended to stimulate manufacturing and technology to modernize Spain

Bourbon Reforms

Political doctrine that takes protecting and enhancing the freedom of the individual to be the central problem of politics

Liberalism and Rise of Nationalism

One of the reasons that resulted in Cavite Mutiny of 1872

Liberalism and Rise of Nationalism

Patron-Client Relationship; for agricultural colonies

Feudal System

A liberal governor-general that provided and planned for better livelihood opportunities to the indios; allegedly influenced the organizers of Cavite Mutiny of 1872

Governor-General Carlos Ma. Dela Torre

Followers of Gov. Gen. Carlos Ma. Dela Torre

Guias dela Dela Torre

First delegate; took active participation in framing of the 1812 Constitution of Spain; first democratic constitution; abolition of galleon trade

Ventura delos Reyes

“The provision of the penal code that a heavier penalty will be imposed on the Indio or mestizo irritates me exceedingly, because it signifies that every person not born white is in fact a latent criminal. This is the very great injustice that seems enormous and unjust for being embodied in law.” – Ferdinand Blumentritt

Heavier punishments for those who belong to the lower class

Social Stratification Oppressive and Inhumane Society Racial Discrimination

Socio-Cultural Factors

Full blooded Spaniards born in Spain

Peninsulares

Full blooded Spaniards born in the Spanish colonies

Insulares

Person of mixed Spanish, Chinese and Austronesian descent

Tornatras

Person of mixed Spanish and Austronesian descent

Mestizo de Español

Person of mixed Chinese and Austronesian ancestry

Mestizo de Sangley

Native upper class

Principales

Natives; full-blooded Austronesian, Christian baptized

Indio

Natives; full-flooded Austronesian Muslims

Moro

Outside the colonial system or social order

Infidel / Infieles

Force labor; started on 1580; performed native men and mestizos aged 16 to 60 for 40 days;

Polo y Servicio (Prestacion Personal)

Payment to exempt from polo y servicio; amount – 1⁄2 reals per day for 40 days

Falla

A form of direct taxes that the. Spaniards implemented in which the natives were coerced to sell their products to the government at very low prices.

Bandala (Compras Reales)

Taxes

Tribute / Cedula

3 Types of Tributes

1. Direct 2. Indirect 3. Monopoly from non-basic products (basi, tobacco)

Taxes on income

Direct Tribute

Included in bandala and taxes of Aduana (customs)

Indirect Tribute

Tax to stop the invasion of the Moros

Samboangan / Donativo de Zamboanga

Tax paid to the local church

Sanctorum

Tax to protect from pirates in Pampanga and Bulacan

Vinta (1781-1851)

Tax collected (1 real) for the town expenses on construction of roads, repairs and improvement of some buildings used by the public

Caja de Communal

Amounting to the 1/10 of the produce from the land cultivated by farmers

Diezmos Prediales

Spanish constabulary

Guardia Civil

Advocated the right of the Filipino secular clergy over the assignment of parishes rather than giving them to the newly arrived Spanish friars in the country

Secularization Movement

A process by which the society is slowly transforming from that having close identification with the religious institution to a more separated relationship

Secularization

Founder of the secularization movement

Padre Pedro Pelaez

With parishes under the diocese

Secular Priests

Better known as missionaries, belonging to a religious congregation

Regular Priests

Lesson 2: During Rizal's Time Flashcards

(114 cards)