Lesson 2 - Eye, Ears, Nose, Throat ASSESSMENT Flashcards
(136 cards)
1
Q
a key sensory organ, feeding information to your brain about the outside world.
A
Eye
2
Q
Your _____ do the “physical” part of seeing. The signals they send allow your _____ to “build” the picture that you see.
A
- Eye
- Brain
3
Q
The _____protects the inside of your eye like a windshield. Your_____ lubricates your corneas. The corneas also do part of the work bending light as it enters your eyes.
A
- Cornea
- tear fluid
4
Q
The corneas also do part of the work _____ as it enters your eyes.
A
bending light
5
Q
This is the white part of your eye that forms the general shape and structure of your eyeball.
A
Sclera
6
Q
The sclera is the white part of the eye that forms the _____ and _____
A
- General shape
- structure of eyeball
7
Q
This clear, thin layer covers the sclera and lines the inside of your eyelids.
A
Conjunctiva
8
Q
This is fluid that fills a space called the anterior chamber. The pressure of the aqueous humor helps maintain your eye’s shape.
A
Aqueous humor
9
Q
This part contains the muscles that control the size of your pupil. It’s also responsible for eye color. The iris can be brown, blue, green.
A
Iris
10
Q
This is the black circle inside the iris. It’s like an adjustable window to the inside of your eye. It widens and narrows to control how much light enters your eye.
A
Pupil
11
Q
This focuses light that enters your eye and directs it to the back of your eye.
A
Lens
12
Q
This clear, gel-like fluid fills the space between the lens and retina. It helps your eye hold its shape. It’s also sometimes known simply as “the vitreous.”
A
Vitreous humor
13
Q
This thin layer of light-sensitive cells at the back of your eyes converts light into electrical signals. It contains rods (which help you see in low light) and cones (which help you see colors).
A
Retina
14
Q
The retina contains _____ and _____
A
- rods (which help you see in low light)
- rods (which help you see in low light)
15
Q
This small area of your retina is key to your vision. It’s responsible for the center of your _____. It also helps you see _____ and _____.
A
Macula
- Visual field
- color and fine details
16
Q
This connects your retinas to your brain. It’s like the data cable that carries signals from your eyes, with connection points linking to multiple brain areas.
A
Optic nerve
17
Q
These control your eye’s position, alignment and movement. They also contribute to your eye’s shape, which is part of your ability to switch your vision’s focus between near and far objects.
A
External muscles
18
Q
Your _____ are paired organs, located on each side of your head, which help with _____ and _____
A
Ears
- Hearing and Balance
19
Q
Several disfunctions in the ears:
A
- Infection
- Tinnitus
- Meniere’s disease
- Eustachian tube dysfunction
20
Q
The three main parts of your ear?
A
- Outer ear
- Middle ear
- Inner ear
21
Q
Medical name of the eardrum is?
A
Tympanic membrane
22
Q
Your_____ separates your outer ear and middle ear.
A
Tympanic membrane / eardrum
23
Q
Is the part of your ear that’s visible. It’s what most people mean when they say “ear.” Also called the auricle or pinna, which consists of ridgedcartilageand skin, and it contains glands that secreteearwax. Its funnel-shaped canal leads to your eardrum, or tympanic membrane.
A
Outer ear ( external ear )
24
Q
your outer ear consists of _____ and _____, and it contains _____ that secreteearwax. Its funnel-shaped canal leads to your eardrum, or tympanic membrane.
A
- ridgedcartilage
- skin
- glands
- secrete earwax
25
The outer ear is also called the _____ / _____,
- Auricle
- Pinna
26
The outr ear is _____ - shaped canal leading to the eardrum / tympanic membrane
Funnel - shaped
27
Its funnel-shaped canal leads to your eardrum, or tympanic membrane.
Outer ear ( external ear )
28
the _____ begins on the other side of your tympanic membrane (eardrum). There are three tiny bones in this area — the malleus, incus and stapes.
- Middle ear
29
There are three tiny bones in the middle ear which are?
- malleus,
- incus
- stapes
30
The tiny bones in the middle ear are responsible for transferring _____ from eardrum to inner ear
Vibrations
31
Your middle ears also house the _____, which help equalize the air pressure in your ears.
Eustachian tubes
32
This begins on the other side of your tympanic membrane (eardrum). There are three tiny bones in this area — the malleus, incus and stapes.
Middle ear
33
They transfer sound vibrations from your eardrum to your inner ear, which house the eustachian tubes, which help equalize the air pressure in your ears.
Middle ear
34
Your inner ear contains two main parts:
- cochlea
- semicircular canals
35
The _____ is a hearing organ or sound transmission and hearing
Cochlea
36
This sea shell / snail-shaped structure contains two fluid-filled chambers lined with tiny hairs. When sound enters, the fluid inside this causes the tiny hairs to vibrate, sending _____ to your brain.
Cochlea
- Electrical impulses
37
The _____ also known as the labyrinthine, are responsible for _____. They tell your brain which direction your head is moving.
Semicircular canals
- balance
38
Other name for semi-circular canals
Labyrinthe
39
This organ helps you to breathe and to smell.
Nose
40
Triangular-shaped projection in the center of the face.
External meatus
41
Two chambers divided by the septum.
External nostrils
42
Made up mainly of cartilage and bone and covered by mucous membranes. The cartilage also gives shape and support to the outer part of the nose.
Septum
43
Passages that are lined with mucous membranes and tiny hairs (cilia) that help to filter the air.
Nasal passages
44
Four pairs of air-filled cavities, also lined with mucous membranes.
Sinuses
45
The throat is a ring-like muscular tube. It is the passageway for air, food, and liquid. It also helps in forming speech.
Throat
46
Both are made up of lymph tissue and are located at the back of the throat.
- tonils
- adenoids
47
The _____ are located all the way at the back of the nose at the very top of the throat. This shrink away by early _____
adenoids
- adulthood
48
Medical term for voicebox?
larynx
49
The _____ is a cylindrical grouping of cartilage, muscles, and soft tissue that contains the vocal cords.
Larynx
50
The ______ are the upper opening into the windpipe or _____ , the passageway to the lungs.
Vocal cords
- trachea
51
Medical term for Windpipe
Trachea
52
A flap of soft tissue located just above the vocal cords. The _____ folds down over the vocal cords to prevent food and irritants from entering the lungs.
epiglottis
53
Assessment interview data (subjective) includes history of the eye?
Eye:
- Corrective lenses
- blurred vision
- blind pots
- floaters
- Double vision
- eye injury
- eye surgery
54
Assessment interview data (subjective) includes history of the Ears?
Ears:
- Ear discharge
- vertigo
- ear problem / injury
55
Assessment interview data (subjective) includes history of the Ears throat?
- Bleeding,
- Sore gums,
- Togue ulcers,
- Bad taste,
- Bad breath,
- Toothaches,
- Hoarseness,
- Facial swelling
56
Physical assessment in physical data (objective) includes?
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
57
Physical Assessment of the Eyes Interview Data (Subjective) history of?
- Vision difficulty
- Pain
- Strabismus or diplopia
- Redness or swelling
- Watering or discharge
- Past history of ocular problems, surgery
- Glaucoma
- Use of glasses or contact lenses
- Examinations
- Medications
58
_____ It Is used to measure how clearly you can see letters at a distance, helping to determine your _____
Snellen chart
- visual acuity
59
A portable version of the eye chart, useful for quick vision checks, especially in settings like schools or community screenings.
handheld visual screener
60
Simply a card used to cover one eye during an eye exam. This helps assess each eye's individual vision and how well they work together.
Opaque card / Occluder
61
A ______ is small flashlight used to check your pupil's response to light (how they _____) and to get a better look at the structures of your eye.
Penlight
- constrict
62
A thin stick with a cotton tip, sometimes used to apply eye drops or to gently touch the eye surface during certain assessments.
Applicator stick
63
A handheld device with a light and lenses that allows HEALTH PRACTITIONERS to examine the inside of your eye, including the retina and optic nerve.
Opthalmoscope
64
the degree of detail the eye can discern in an image
Visual acuity
65
the ability of the eyes to move in various directions
Ocular movement
66
the area an in-dividual can see when looking straight ahead
Most eye assessment procedures involve inspection. Consideration is also given to developmental changes and to individual hygienic practices, if the client wears contact lenses or has an artificial eye.
visual fields
67
Many people wear eyeglasses or contact lenses to correct common refractive errors of the lens of the eye. These errors include:
- Myopia
- Hyperopia
- Presbyopia
- Astigmatism
68
(nearsightedness)
Myopia
69
(farsightedness)
Hyperopia
70
(loss of elasticity of the lens and thus loss of ability to see close objects)
Prebyopia
71
Presbyopia begins at about _____ of age. People notice that they have difficulty reading newsprint. When both far and near vision require correction, two lenses (bifocals) are required.
45 years of age
72
an uneven curvature of the cornea that prevents horizontal and vertical rays from focusing on the retina, is a common problem that may occur in conjunction with myopia and hyperopia. Astigmatism may be corrected with glasses or surgery.
Astigmatism
73
Common inflammatory visual problems that nurses may encounter in clients include:
- Conjunctivitis
- Dacryocystitis
- Hordeolum
- Iritis
- Photophobia
- Hematomas / Contusions
74
(inflammation of the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva) may result from foreign bodies, chemicals, allergenic agents, bacteria, or viruses. Redness, itching, tearing, and mucopurulent discharge occur. During sleep, the eyelids may become encrusted and matted together.
Conjuctivitis
75
(inflammation of the lacrimal sac) is manifested by tearing and a discharge from the nasolacrimal duct.
Dacryocystitis
76
is a redness, swelling, and tenderness of the hair follicle and glands that empty at the edge of the eyelids.
Hordeolum
77
(inflammation of the iris) may be caused by local or systemic infections and results in pain, tearing
Iritis
78
(sensitivity to light)
Photophobia
79
are “black eyes” resulting from injury.
Contusions / Hematomas
80
_____ tend to occur in individuals over _____ although they may be present at any age. This opacity of the lens or its capsule, which blocks light rays, is frequently removed and replaced by a lens implant.
Cataracts
- 65 years old
81
_____ may also occur in infants due to a malformation of the lens if the mother contracted rubella in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Cataracts
82
(a disturbance in the circulation of aqueous fluid, which causes an increase in intraocular pressure) is the most frequent cause of blindness in people over age _____ although it can occur at younger ages. It can be controlled if diagnosed early.
Glaucoma
- 45 years old
83
Danger signs of glaucoma include
- blurred or foggy vision
- loss of peripheral vision,
- difficulty focusing on close objects
- difficulty adjusting to dark rooms
- seeing rainbow-colored rings around lights.
84
Pupils are normally black, are equal in size (about _____ to _____ diameter), and have round, smooth borders.
3 to 7 millimeters
85
(enlarged pupils) may indicate injury or glaucoma, or result from certain drugs.
Mydriasis
86
(constricted pupils) may indicate an inflammation of the iris or result from such drugs as morphine/ heroin and other narcotics, barbiturates, or pilocarpine. It is also an age-related change in older adults.
Miosis
87
(unequal pupils) may result from a central nervous system disorder; however, slight variations may be normal.
Anisocoria
88
The iris is normally flat and round. A bulging toward the cornea can indicate increased intraocular pressure.
Anisocoria
89
person stands 20 feet away from chart cover one eye- read through the chart to smaller line of letters possible 20/20 is normal. ( the top number [numerator] indicates distance from chart, the denominator gives the distance at which a normal eye could read that line)
Snellen eye chart
90
Test central visual acuity includes? and for visual field include?
- Snellen eye chart
- Near vision
- Ishihara test
- Confrontation test
91
the top number of snellen chart is?
Distance from chart
92
the bottom number of snellen chart is?
a normal eye could read that line
93
hold card about 14 inches from the eye. normal results is 14/14 in each eye and reads without hesitancy
Near vision
94
in near vision hold card about _____ from the eye. normal results is 14/14 in each eye and reads without hesitancy
14 inches
95
A color perception test used to detect red, green, color blindness.
Ishihara test
96
Inspect extraocular muscle function?
- corneal light
- cover test
- diagnostic position test
97
A quick test that uses light reflection on the cornea to check for eye alignment. It helps spot if the eyes are looking in the same direction.
Corneal light reflex / Hirshberg test
98
This test checks for eye muscle problems by covering and uncovering each eye to see how they move. It helps find both obvious and hidden eye deviations.
Cover test
99
By having you follow a target with your eyes, this test checks how well your eye muscles work together and if there's any weakness or limitation in eye movement
Diagnostic position test
100
Physical Assessment of the Ears, Interview Data (Subjective) any history of?
- Ear aches
- Infections
- Discharge
- Hearing loss
- Environmental noise
- Tinnitus
- Vertigo
- Self care
101
This is like a flashlight with a magnifying glass, allowing HEALTH PRACTITIONERS to look inside your ear canal and see the eardrum.
Ostoscope
102
This is a small rubber bulb attached to the otoscope. Squeezing it puffs air into the ear canal, letting the HEALTH PRACTITIONER see how well your eardrum moves. This helps check for fluid or pressure problems in the middle ear.
pneumatic bulb
103
This is a two-pronged metal instrument that produces a specific tone when struck. It's used to test your hearing at different frequencies and can help determine if there's hearing loss and where the problem might be (like the inner ear or the nerve pathways).
Tuning fork
104
Physical Assessment of the Ears, Physical Data (Objective ) otoscopic exam includes?
External canal
color
lesions
swelling
discharge
Tympanic Membrane
color
characteristics
integrity
105
Landmarks of the auricle include the:
- lobule
- helix
- antihelix
- tragus
- triangular fossa
- external auditory meatus
106
(earlobe)
Lobule
107
(the posterior curve of the auricle’s upper aspect)
Helix
108
(the anterior curve of the auricle’s upper aspect)
antihelix
109
(the cartilaginous protrusion at the entrance to the ear canal)
tragus
110
(a depression of the antihelix)
Triangular fossa
111
(the entrance to the ear canal).
External auditory meatus
112
Although not part of the ear, the _____, a bony prominence behind the ear, is another important landmark.
Mastoid
113
The external ear canal is curved, is about _____
2.5 cm (1 in.)
114
The glands secrete , which lubricates and protects the canal.
Cerumen (earwax)
115
The middle ear is an air-filled cavity that starts at the tympanic membrane and contains three ossicles (bones of sound transmission):
- Malleus
- Incus
- stapes
116
(Hammer)
(Anvil)
(stirrups)
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
117
The _____, another part of the middle ear, connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx. The tube stabilizes the air pressure between the external atmosphere and the middle ear, thus preventing rupture of the tympanic membrane and discomfort produced by marked pressure differences.
Eustachian tube
118
In brief, sound can be transmitted by air conduction or bone conduction. Air-conducted transmission occurs by this process:
1. A sound stimulus enters the external canal and reaches the tympanic membrane.
2. The sound waves vibrate the tympanic membrane and reach the ossicles.
3. The sound waves travel from the ossicles to the opening in the inner ear (oval window).
4. The cochlea receives the sound vibrations. 5. The stimulus travels to the auditory nerve (the eighth cranial nerve) and the cerebral cortex.
119
is the result of interrupted transmission of sound waves through the outer and middle ear structures. Possible causes are a tear in the tympanic membrane or an obstruction, due to swelling or other causes, in the auditory canal.
Conductive hearing loss
120
is the result of damage to the inner ear, the auditory nerve, or the hearing center in the brain.
Sensorineural hearing loss
121
is a combination of conduction and sensorineural loss.
Mixed hearing loss
122
Test hearing acuity:
TEST OF BALANCE:
- whsiper test
- weber test
- rinne test
- Romberg test
123
A simple hearing test where the examiner whispers words at different distances to see how well you can hear them.
Whisper test
124
A hearing test using a tuning fork placed on the middle of your head. It helps determine if you hear better in one ear than the other.
Weber test
125
This test also uses a tuning fork, but it's placed on the bone behind your ear and then near the ear canal. It helps figure out if you have conductive hearing loss (a problem with the outer or middle ear).
Rinne test
126
Physical Assessment of the Nose AND THROAT Interview Data (Subjective ) of the nose?
- Discharge
- Frequent colds
- Sinus pain
- Trauma
- Epistaxis
- Allergies
- Altered smell
127
Physical Assessment of the Nose, and Throat: Physical Data (Objective ) Equipments?
- Otoscope with short, wide-tipped nasal speculum
- Pen light
- Two tongue blades
- Cotton gauze pad
- Gloves
128
Physical Assessment of the Nose, Mouth and Throat: Physical Data (Objective) Nose inspect and palpate?
- External nose
- Test patency of nostril
- Nasal cavity
Nasal septum
Turbinates
- Sinus Areas - Palpate
Frontal and maxillary sinuses
Transillumination
129
EXAMINER looks at your nose for any external signs of problems, like swelling, redness, or asymmetry. This can help identify issues like inflammation, injury, or deformities.
visual inspections
130
EXAMINER gently feel your nose and the surrounding areas to check for tenderness, bumps, or blockages. This can help detect things like sinus infections or nasal polyps.
Palpation
131
This checks your sense of smell. You might be asked to identify different scents to see if you can detect them properly. This can help diagnose problems with your sense of smell, which can be caused by various factors like infections, allergies, or neurological issues.
Olfactory test
132
Throat Inspection:
- Tonsils
- Posterior pharyngeal wall
133
This simple wooden stick helps hold down the tongue so the EXAMINER can get a clear view of the back of your throat. It Is used to check for things like redness, swelling, or tonsil size.
Tongue depressor
134
Just like with eye exams, a penlight provides focused light to illuminate the throat and help visualize structures like the tonsils, uvula, and pharynx.
Penlight
135
This small mirror on a long handle is used to examine the larynx (voice box). The EXAMINER warms the mirror to prevent fogging and then positions it in the back of your throat to see the vocal cords.
laryngel mirror
136
A more modern tool with a flexible tube and a camera on the end. It provides a detailed view of the throat and larynx, allowing for a closer look at any abnormalities.
Fyberoptic laryngoscope
