Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

STS > LESSON 2: HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS > Flashcards

LESSON 2: HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS Flashcards

1
Q

defined as a precursor to the unfolding or
existence of something.

A

antecedent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The rise of ancient civilizations paved the way for advances in
S&T.

A

Ancient Period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

These advances during the Ancient period allowed
civilizations to flourish by finding better ways of —-, —-, ——-, ——–.

A

communication, transportation, self-organization, and of living
in general.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

People from ancient civilizations used animals for
transportation long before the invention of the wheel.

A

Ancient Wheel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

There
is, however, a general agreement that the ancient wheel grew
out of a mechanical device called

A

potter’s wheel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a heavy
flat disk made of hardened clay which was spun horizontally on
a heavy axis.

A

potter’s wheel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

It is believed that the Sumerians invented the potter’s wheel
shortly after

A

3500 BC.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

It could be that a potter thought of shifting the potter’s wheel
to a ____ for the purpose of transportation.
Nonetheless, it would no be until _____ to _____ years later that
the wheel was first used on carts.

A

90-degree angle, 1000 to 1500

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Roughly around _____ , the ancient Egyptian began writing on
______, a material similar to thick paper.

A

3000 BC, papyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

It is lightweight, strong, durable, and most importantly, portable.

A

paper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

is madefrom the pith of the papyrus plant Cyperus papyrus.

A

papyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Before the Egyptians invented the papyrus, writing was done on
______.

A

stone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Because of the difficulty of writing on stone, writing was
reserved only for ______.

A

very important occasions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

was an early tool invented
and used by ancient Egyptians to irrigate
land.

A

shadoof

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The shadoof, also
spelled as ______ , is a hand-operated
device used for lifting water.

A

shaduf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Its invention
introduced the idea lifting things using
_________

A

counterweights.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Because of this, irrigation and farming
became much more efficient. The _____
is also believed to be an ancient precursor
of more sophisticated irrigation tools.

A

shadoof

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Even before the invention of the
antecedents of the modern
computer, the Greeks had already
invented the ancient world’s analog
computer orrery.

A

Antikythera Mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Discovered in 1902 and retrieved
from the waters of Antikythera,
Greece, the Antikythera
mechanisms similar to a _____

A

mantel clock.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Thus, it is widely believed that the
Antikythera mechanism was used to
predict _____ and ______ and
astrological purposes.

A

astronomical positions , eclipses for calendar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

It is also believed that the Antikythera
mechanism, which is one of the oldest
known antecedents of modern
clockwork, was invented by ________

A

Greek scientist between 150-100BC.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Also known as the Hero’s engine,
this is widely believed to be the
ancient precursor of the steam
engine.

A

aeolipile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hero of _____ is credited for the
demonstration of the use of the
aeolipile during the 1st century AD.

A

Alexandria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The _____ is a steam-powered
turbine which spun when the water
container at its center was heated,
thus making it practically the first
rudimentary steam engine.

A

aeolipile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

It is not clear whether the aeolipile
served any purpose, but it is
believed to be one of the many
______ at the time.

A

temple wonders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

________, a Roman
author, architect, and civil engineer,
described the aeolipile as a scientific
invention through which “the mighty
and wonderful laws of the heavens
and the nature of winds” may be
judged.

A

Vitruvius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Between the collapse of the Roman Empire in 5th century AD
and the colonial expansion of Western Europe in late 15th
century AD, major advances in scientific and technological
development took place.

A

middle ages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

These include steady increase of ____, _____ and _____

A

new inventions, introduction
of innovations in traditional production, and emergence of
scientific thinking method.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Perhaps one of the
most important
technological
innovations during the
middle ages is the
invention of the_____

A

Heavy Plough

30
Q

_____________ succinctly describes the impact of the invention of the
heavy plough: “The heavy plough turned
European agriculture and economy on its head.

A

Professor Thomas Bernebeck Andersen of the University of Southern Denmark

31
Q

The __________ stirred an agricultural revolution in Northern
Europe marked by higher and healthier agricultural yields and
more efficient agricultural practices.

A

heavy plough

32
Q

The ________ was a
kind of heavy plow important to
medieval agriculture in Northern
Europe.

A

carruca or caruca

33
Q

Around 850 AD, Chinese alchemists accidentally invented ______. as it came to be known, is a mixture of
saltpeter (potassium nitrate), sulfur, and charcoal.
Together, these materials will burn rapidly and explode as
a propellant.

A

black powder or gun powder.

34
Q

Multiple accounts suggest that the gun powder might have
been an unintended byproduct of attempts mabe by the
Chinese to invent the elixir of life, which is why the Chinese
called it ____, roughly translated as “fire potion”

A

huoyao

35
Q

Although it was not until the 17th century that bank notes
began to be used in Europe, the first known versions of paper
money could be traced back to the Chinese in 11th century AD
as an offshoot of the invention of block printing, which is similar
to stamping.

A

paper money

36
Q

First paper money was introduced in ____ in the late 10th century during the rule of the Song dynasty
(960-1279).

A

medieval China

37
Q

Before the introduction of paper money, precious metals, such
as _____were used as currency.

A

gold and silver

38
Q

Although devices for timekeeping and recording sprung from
the ancient times, such as the Antikythera mechanism, it was
not until the Middle Ages that clockwork technology was
developed.

A

mechanical clock

39
Q

Another important invention of the Middle Ages is the _____, a machine used for transforming fiber into thread or
yarn and eventually woven into cloth on a loom.

A

spinning wheel

40
Q

As the world population steadily increased, people of the Modern
Ages realized the utmost importance of increasing the efficiency of
____, ____ and _____.

A

transportation, communication, and production.

41
Q

The ____ was marked by Enlightenment philosophy,
which focused on the individual and placed a high value on
rational decision making.

A

Modern Age

42
Q

A Dutch spectacle maker named ____ is credited for
the invention of the first ____ in ___

A

Zacharias Janssen, compound microscope , 1590.

43
Q

Janssen’s microscope consists of three draw tubes with
lenses inserted into the ends of the flanking tubes. The
eyepiece lens was ___ and the objective lens was
___ a very advanced compound design for this time period

A

bi-convex , plano-convex,

44
Q

This led to an amazing discovery that an object, when placed near
the end of the tube, can be magnified far larger than what a simple
magnifying lens can do.

A

compound microscope

45
Q

Perhaps the single, most important technological invention in the
study of astronomy during the Modern Ages was the practical
___ in vented by ___

A

telescope, Galileo Galilei.

46
Q

The first telescope was patented in ___

A

1608.

47
Q

As the Industrial Revolution reached full speed, the ____
was considered as one of the most critical drivers of the revolution. Built by French weaver ___, the_____
simplifies textile manufacturing.

A

Jacquard loom, Joseph Marie Jacquard, Jacquard loom

48
Q

Prior to the invention of the Jacquard loom, a draw loom was used
which required two individuals to operate–___ and ____”– if figured designs were needed.

A

the weaver and a drawboy

49
Q

When Joseph-Marie Jacquard, a French weaver and merchant,
patented his invention in __, he revolutionised how patterned
cloth could be woven.

A

1804

50
Q

____ and ____ are credited for the designing
and successfully operating the first engine-powered aircraft.

A

Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright

51
Q

Neither brother received a high school diploma. true or false

A

true

52
Q

Neil Armstrong carried a piece of the Wright
Flyer with him to the moon. true or false

A

true

53
Q

For decades, Orville refused to donate the
Wright Flyer to the Smithsonian Institution. true or false

A

true

54
Q

Thanks to a coin toss, ____ was the first
brother airborne.

A

Orville

55
Q

Their pioneering success marked an age of powered flights.

A

engine powered airplane

56
Q

The Scottish engineer ___ is largely credited for the
invention of the____.

A

John Logie Baird, modern television

57
Q

Baird successfully televised objects in outline in ____
recognizable human faces in ___, and moving objects in ___,
and projected colored images in .

A

1924, 1925, 1926, 1928

58
Q

Baird’s television caught on quickly. In fact, the _____ used this for its earliest television programming in ____.

A

British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 1929

59
Q

The ___ is perhaps one of the most recognizable symbols of the Philippines and the most popular mode of public transportation in the country. It is also perhaps of the most enduring symbols of Filipino ingenuity.
Jeepneys were designed and improvised from scratch out of military jeeps that the Americans left in the country after World War II.

A

jeepney

60
Q

The ___ is the inventive response to criticisms to the
traditional jeepney that belched smoke, directly causing air pollution which made it unsustainable and uneconomical. and are designed to be environment-friendly, eliminating noise and air pollution as they run on electricity. They are also more economical for electricity is far cheaper
than ordinary diesel, allowing jeepney drivers to earn more
profit.

A

e-jeepney

61
Q

The first locally produced e-jeepney was launched in ___, and started to
transport passengers for
free in ___.

A

2008, Makati in 2009

62
Q

Perhaps one of the most important medical inventions is the _____.

A

Erythromycin

63
Q

The Ilonggo scientist ____ invented this antibiotic out
of a strain of bacterium called ____, from
which this drug derived its name.

A

Abelardo Aguilar, Streptomyces erythreus

64
Q

Dr. Abelardo Aguilar, a Scientist
from the Philippines discovered the
Erythromycin in ___

A

1949.

65
Q

____ is credited for the invention of ____

A

Fe del Mundo, incubator and
jaundice relieving device.

66
Q

She was the first woman pediatrician to be admitted to the prestigious Harvard’s University School of Medicine. She is also the founder of the first pediatric hospital in the country. Her pioneering work in pediatrics that spanned a total of eight decades won her the 1977 Ramon Magsaysay Award.

A

fe del mundo

67
Q

Dr. Fe del Mundo was the first
Filipina to be conferred as
National Scientist of the
Philippines in ___. She also
received the Order of Lakandula
in ___ and the Order of the
Golden Heart posthumously in
___. She was interred at the
_____

A

1980, 2010, 2011, Libingan ng Mga Bayani.

68
Q

In 2000, a local invention that had the abiility to easily remove
moles and warts on the skin without the need for any surgical
procedure.

A

mole remover

69
Q

____ is credited for the invention of a local mole remover that made use of extracts of ___ (Annacardium occidentale).

A

Rolando Dela Cruz, cashew nuts

70
Q

Dela Cruz won a gold medal for this invention in the International
Invention, Innovation, Industrial Design, and technology Exhibition
in____

A

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 2000.

71
Q

____ is credited for the invention of banana ketchup, a variety of ketchup different from the commonly known tomato ketchup.

A

Maria Orasa

STS (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions