LESSON 2 History of Radiology

Question 1

What is Medical Science

Answer 1

The science dealing with the maintenance of health and the prevention and treatment of disease.

Question 2

What is Radiology

Answer 2

branch of medical science that deals with the use of radiation for diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

Question 3

When was x-ray discovered

Answer 3

November 8, 1895

Question 4

Who discovered the X-ray

Answer 4

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen accidentally discovered x-ray in Wuzburg, Germany.

Question 5

How does Roentgen accidentally discovered x-ray?

Answer 5

Roentgen was experimenting with a type of Crookes tube when he discovered x-rays in his physics laboratory at Würzburg University in Germany.

Question 6

What are cathode rays

Answer 6

A beam of electrons emitted from the cathode of a high vacuum tube

Question 7

What are cathode

Answer 7

the electrode where electricity is given out or flow out

Question 8

Discovery of X-ray

Answer 8

1896 Roentgen produce and published the first medical x-ray, an image of his wife’s hand Anna Bertha Ludwig.

Question 9

When and where was the first medical x-ray United States was conducted

Answer 9

February 1896 at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire

Question 10

Year when Roentgen received the first Nobel Prize in physics

Answer 10

1901

Question 11

demonstrated by Michael Pupin,1896 to reduce exposure time.

Answer 11

Radiographic intensifying screen

Question 12

demonstrated by Charles Leonard, 1904 to reduce exposure time by halved.

Answer 12

Double-emulsion radiography

Question 13

what year did the double-emulsion film commercially available

Answer 13

1918

Question 14

what year did the American inventor Thomas Alva Edison developed fluoroscope

Answer 14

1898

Question 15

what year did Thomas Alva Edison’s assistant and long-time friend Clarence Dally died.

Answer 15

1904

Question 16

what year did Homer Clyde Snook introduced interupterless transformer. A substitute high-voltage power supply

Answer 16

1907

Question 17

year did William D. Coolidge developed hot-cathode x-ray tube.

Answer 17

1913

Question 18

vacuum tube that allowed x-ray intensity and energy to be selected separately with great accuracy.

Answer 18

hot-cathode x-ray tube

Question 19

year did Gustav Bucky invented stationary grid; 2 months later the moving grid.

Answer 19

1913

Question 20

year did Hollis Potter invented moving grid. Probably not aware of Bucky’s moving grid because of World War I

Answer 20

1915

Question 21

year did cellulose nitrate film base is widely adopted.

Answer 21

1917

Question 22

year did rotating anode x-ray tube was introduced

Answer 22

1929

Question 23

year did Bell Telephone Company demonstrate the light amplifier tube and adapted as an image intensifier tube for fluoroscopy in 1950

Answer 23

1946

Question 24

year did first automatic processor was introduced.

Answer 24

1942

Question 25

year did Coltman develops the first fluoroscopic image intensifier

Answer 25

1948

Question 26

year did Godfrey Hounsfield introduced the first computed tomography (CT) imaging system (EMI)

Answer 26

1966

Question 27

year did rare earth radiographic intensifying screens are introduced

Answer 27

1974

Question 28

year did Allan Cormack and Godfrey Hounsfield received Nobel Price in Physiology for CT-scan

Answer 28

1979

Question 29

year did first Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was introduced

Answer 29

1980

Question 30

year did Picture Archieving and Communications System (PACS) becomes available.

Answer 30

1982

Question 31

Frequently occuring injuries from radiation overexposure in the early years of medical x-ray:

Answer 31

1. skin damage (erythema) 2. loss of hair (alopecia) 3. low red-cell blood count (anemia)

Question 32

year Coolidge tube and Snook transformer was introduced

Answer 32

1910

Question 33

what are coolidge tube and snook transformer

Answer 33

decreased the low-energy radiation in the x-ray beam and decreased the exposure time