Lesson 2 - Mitosis

Question 1

meaning prophase

Answer 1

the first stage of active cell division where the chromosomes are coiled up and consist of 2 daughter chromatids joined by the centromere. The nucleolus breaks down. The centrioles begin to pull apart to form the spindle

Question 2

meaning metaphase

Answer 2

the second stage of active cell division, where a spindle of overlapping proteins microtubules forms and the chromatids line up on the metaphase plate

Question 3

meaning anaphase

Answer 3

the third stage of active cell division, where the centromeres split so chromatids become new chromosomes. They are moved to the opposite poles of the cell, centromere first, by contractions of the microtubules of the spindle

Question 4

meaning telophase

Answer 4

the fourth stage of mitotic cell division, where a nuclear membrane forms around the 2 sets of chromosomes, the chromosomes unravel and the spindle breaks down

Question 5

meaning centromere

Answer 5

the region where a pair of chromatids are joined, and which attached to a single strand of the spindle structure at metaphase

Question 6

meaning metaphase plate

Answer 6

the region of the spindle in the middle of the cell along which the chromatids line up

Question 7

meaning cytokinesis

Answer 7

the final stage of the cell cycle before it enters interphase again - division of the cytoplasm at the end of mitosis to form 2 independent, genetically identical cells

Question 8

name the stages of mitosis in order

Answer 8

Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 9

what is the difference between cytokinesis in plants and animals

Answer 9

in plants, the cellulose cell wall additionally needs to form around the 2 seperate cells, whilst in animal cells it doesn’t