LESSON 2: NUCLEIC ACIDS & PROTEINS Flashcards
(64 cards)
transfer of genetic
information from DNA to RNA through transcription, and then
from RNA to protein through translation.
THE CENTRAL DOGMA
The genetic material that
carries hereditary information in cells.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
The single-stranded nucleic acid
molecule that serves as a messenger carrying genetic
information from DNA to the site of protein synthesis.
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
The end product of the central dogma,
synthesized through translation. Proteins play crucial roles
in the structure and function of cells, tissues, and
organisms.
Protein
NUCLEOSIDE - composition and is held by
Nitrogenous base +
Pentose SUGAR
It is held together by:
N-glycoSidic bond
NUCLEOTIDE - composition and is held by
NucleoSIDE + PhosphaTe
It is held together by:
EsTer bond
these are your Purines and
Pyrimidines
Nitrogenous bases
Your phosphate groups are held together by
ANHYDRIDE BONDS
T or F: RNA has its HYDROXYL GROUP (OH)
T
T or F: DNA has hydroxyl group
F
Building blocks of nucleic acids
NUCLEOTIDES
In ____, there was a group of scientists (they still didn’t know
what the structure of DNA looked like). They were trying to
figure out what thing in the body contained the info that we
pass on to the next generations.
1920
Erwin Chargaff’s experimental finding:
Chargaff’s
rule
T or F: A-T pair has 3 hydrogen bonds (weaker);
T or F: G-C pair has 2 hydrogen bonds (stronger)
F and F
Who obtained X-ray crystallography
images of DNA
Rosalind Franklin
created the two-strand, double-helix model
James Watson and Francis Crick
Striuctures and properties od DNA
Made up of nucleotides held together by ___
3’ to 5’ phosphodiester bonds
T or F: 10.5 base pairs per turn (usually)
T
- ____ - backbones are closer together
- ____ - backbones are far from each other
1.Minor grooves
2.Major grooves
The bases will cluster inside since
they are hydrophobic in nature
Hydrophobic interactions
These forces help maintain the
structural integrity of the DNA
double helix by stabilizing the
close packing of the bases along
the helical axis.
van der Waals forces
number of BP per turn of A-DNA*, B-DNA, Z-DNA**
11,10,12
morphology of A-DNA*, B-DNA, Z-DNA**
Broad &Short, Long & Thin, Long & Thin
screw sense of A-DNA*, B-DNA, Z-DNA**
Right handed, Right handed, Left-handed
