Lesson 2 Pharmacology

Question 1

Drugs can be classified in what ways?

Answer 1

1. Their chemistry
2. Based on the mechanism of its action (therapeutic affects)
3. Based on their legal calssifications (OTR, Rx, Controlled substance)

Question 2

What are the charcteristics of a OTC drug?

Answer 2

1. No Rx required
2. Contains lower dosage
3. Contains multiple active ingredients in the the same dosage

Question 3

What are the charcteristics of a prescription (Rx) drugs?

Answer 3

1. Greater risk of adverse effects
2. Requires monitoring
3. Restricted use (time)
4. Rx needed
5. Specifically authorized by the prescriber

Question 4

What are the abuse potentials for scheduled drugs?

Answer 4

Schedule I (1)= highest potential for abuse
Schedule V (5)= Lowes potential for abuse

Question 5

What are the restrictive requirements for scheduled drugs?

Answer 5

1. Distribution
2. Storage
3. Recorded keeping

Question 6

Example of schedule I drug?

Answer 6

1. Heroin
2. Marijuana

Question 7

Example of schedule II drug?

Answer 7

1.Cocain
2.Codeine
3.Methadone
4.Opium

Question 8

Example of schedule III drug?

Answer 8

1. Anabolic steroids
2. Codeine with acetaminophen or asprin
3. Hydrocosone with acetaminophen

Question 9

Example of schedule IV drug?

Answer 9

1. Alprazolam (Xanax)
2. Flurazepam (Dalmane)

Question 10

Example of schedule V drug?

Answer 10

1. Cough mixtures containing codeine
2. Antidirrheal mixtures

Question 11

What are analgecsics drugs used for?

Answer 11

Decrease pain perception

Question 12

What are examples of anti-inflammatories drugs?

Answer 12

1. Acetysalicylic
2. NSAIDS
3. Voltaren
4. Anaprox

Question 13

What are examples of anti-fungal drugs?

Answer 13

1. Nizarol
2. Fungizone
3. Moconazole

Question 14

What are examples of anti-biotic drugs?

Answer 14

1. Penicillin
2. Tatracycline
3. E-mycin

Question 15

What are Enteral ways of drugs entering the body?

Answer 15

1. Oral
2. Sublingual
3. Rectal
4. Buccal

Question 16

What are Parenteral ways of drugs entering the body?

Answer 16

1. Inhalation
2. Injection
3. Topical or transdermal application

Question 17

What is sublingual medication administrations and what is the benefit to it?

Answer 17

1. Placing easily dissolved agents under the tounge
2. Safe from the 1st pass effect (immediatily suck up medication into the blood vessels and works very fast)

Question 18

Define Pharmacology.

Answer 18

The effect of drugs on the body and the effect of the body on drugs

Question 19

Define Pharmacokinetics.

Answer 19

Study of the FACTORS that affect the time course of drug events. (rate at which drugs take effect, absrobed, distributed, metabolized and eliminated)

Question 20

What is Pharacodynamics

Answer 20

The process of determining the site in which drugs act and the mechanisms in which this action occurs

Question 21

Pharmacokinetic drug sequence

Answer 21

1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion

Question 22

What is a drug vehicle?

Answer 22

The inactive substance that transports the drug

Question 23

What are factors of drug absorption example?

Answer 23

Take with water or food

Question 24

What is bioavailability?

Answer 24

How much of the drug actually reaches its target. (100mg of the drug was taken but on 50mg reached its target)

Question 25

What is the first pass effect?

Answer 25

Says that any medication will be filtered (weakened) by our liver before it goes to our blood.

Question 26

What are the drug plasma concentration levels?

Answer 26

1. Toxic levels (adverse effects) 2. Therapeutic levels 3. Subtherapeutic levels

Question 27

Factors that can affect drug distrubution?

Answer 27

1. Tissue permeability 2. Blood flow 3. Binding to plasma proteins or subcellualr components

Question 28

What effect will excercise have on oral drugs?

Answer 28

It will be diminished due to decreased blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract

Question 29

What effect will excercise have on skin and muscle drugs?

Answer 29

It will increase absorption due to increased blood flow in these areas

Question 30

What effect will excercise have on drugs cleared by the kidneys?

Answer 30

Duration of drug will be increased due to diminished clearance by this route.

Question 31

How will light or heavy excercise affect the stomach.

Answer 31

1. Light excercise will decrease stomach emptying times and the drugs will just sit in the stomach 2. Heavy excercise will increse stomach emptying times and the drug will be excreted faster

Question 32

What is biotransforamtion?

Answer 32

When a drug is transformed for its original active form to inactive form

Question 33

Where does drug metabolism mostly occure?

Answer 33

Liver