Lesson 2: Respirator System, Mediastinum And Pleura Flashcards
(34 cards)
Conductive system
Nostrils
Nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
Nasopharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Extrapulmonary bronchi
Intrapulmonary brunchi
Transitional system
Bronchioles
Secretory cell of transitional system
Club cell/ clara cell
Serve as transition zone between the conductive system and gas exchange system
Bronchioles (primary, secondary, thirtiary)
Highly metabolic and play an important role in detoxification of xianobitics
Club/ clara cell
Protein secreted by clara cell
Collectin
Exchange system
Alveoli ( alveolar duct, atrium,alveolar sac, alveolus)
System of gas exchange is superficially line by__?
Pneumonocytes l (membranous)
Pneumonocytes ll (granular)
Respiratory system vulnerability to aerogenous injuries is primarily due to:
- Extensive interface between the respiratory system and inspired air.
- Large volume of air that continuously passing in to the lungs.
- High concentration of noxious element that can be present in the air.
Normal flora of respiratory tract are restricted only in what particular part?
Conductive system (nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx)
Conducting system is lined by what particular type of cell?
Pseudo stratified collumnar ciliated epithelium ( nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, part of the larynx, all of trachea and bronchi)
Olfactory epithelium (ethmoidal conchae)
Squamous epithelium (nasal vestibulum, part of the larynx)
Cell of the respiratory system which lines most of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, part of larynx, trachea and bronchi.
Pseudo stratified ciliated epithelium
What will happen if the ciliated cell become irreversibly injured due to viral infection, or inhalation of toxic gases.
Ciliated cells swell, lose their attachment to underlying basement membrane.
Transient and mild exudate of fluid,plasma proteins, and neutrophils covers the ulcer.
Specific type of progenitor cell known as basal cells or non nucleated secretory present in the mucosa migrate to cover the denuded basement membrane and undergo mitosis.
Eventually differentiating into new ciliated epithelial cell
Respiratory cell that quite resistant to all form of injury.
Squamous epithelium
Under normal circumstances, cellular exfoliation is prompt fallowed by:
Inflammation
Mitosis
Cell proliferation
Cell differentiation
Repair
This is form of chronic bronchitis is well illustrated in habitual smokers who continually need to cough excessive mucus secretion. ( production of mucus secretion is increased via goblet cell hyperplasia)
Chronic catarrhal inflammation
One of the most devastating sequelae to chronic remodeling of the bronchi, it consists of pathologic and permanent dilation of the bronchus with rupture of the bronchial as a result of obstruction or chronic inflammation.
Bronchiectasis
Degradation and weakening of smooth muscle and cartilage
Chondromalacia
Further sequelae to bronchiolar metaplasia and mucous hypersecretion blocking or partially blocking the lumen of these bronchioles.
Pulmonary emphysema
Atelactasis
Pulmonary disease in horses in which Pulmonary emphysema and atelactasis are two of the defects manifestation.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/ recurrent airway obstruction “ heaves”
Sequelae of bronchiolar injury
-Emphysema
-Atelectasis
-Hyperresponsiveness airway disease
-Recurrent airway obstruction
It develops in human and animal after a transient and innocuous viral infection of the lower respiratory tract from exposure to certain allergies.
Hyperresponsiveness airway disease
These two types of alveolar fibrosis are most commonly seen in toxic and allergy pulmonary diseases and have a devastating effect on lung function.
Alveolar septal fibrosis
Intraalveolar fibrosis
The most common route in the transmission of most respiratory infection in domestic aniy.
Aerogenous
