Lesson 2 - The roles of the blood

Question 1

xmeaning cardiovascular system

Answer 1

the mass transport system of the body made up of a series of vessels with a pump (heart) to move blood through the vessels

Question 2

meaning circulation

Answer 2

the passage of blood through the blood vessels

Question 3

meaning haemoglobin

Answer 3

a red pigment that carries oxygen and gives the erythrocytes their colour

Question 4

meaning granulocytes

Answer 4

leucocytes that have granules in the cytoplasm of the cells that take up stain and are obvious under the microscope. They have a lobed nuclei and include neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils.

Question 5

meaning neutrophils

Answer 5

part of the non-specific immune system. They have multi-lobed nuclei and engulf and digest pathogens by phagocytosis. Up to 70% of all leucocytes are neutrophils

Question 6

meaning eosinophils

Answer 6

part of the non-specific immune system. They are stained red by eosin stain and are important in the response of the body against parasites, in allergic reactions and inflammation, and in developing immunity to disease

Question 7

meaning basophils

Answer 7

part of the non-specific immune system. They have a 2-lobed nucleus and produce histamines in inflammation and allergic reaction

Question 8

meaning agranulocytes

Answer 8

leucocytes that do not have granules to take up stain in their cytoplasm. They have unlobed nuclei and include monocytes and lymphocytes

Question 9

meaning monocytes

Answer 9

part of the specific immune system. They are the largest of the leucocytes and they can move out of the blood from macrophages. They engulf pathogens by phagocytosis

Question 10

meaning lymphocytes

Answer 10

small leucocytes with very large nuclei that are vitally important in the specific immune response of the body

Question 11

meaning platelets

Answer 11

involved in the clotting mechanism of the blood

Question 12

megakaryocytes

Answer 12

large cells that are found in the bone marrow and produce platelets

Question 13

what are the functions of the cardiovascular and the circulation systems

Answer 13

• delivers materials needed by the cells of the body
• carries hormones from one part of the body to another
• form part of the defence system
• distribute heat

Question 14

what is found in the blood

Answer 14

• plasma
• erythrocytes
• leucocytes
• platelets

Question 15

what are the functions of plasma

Answer 15

• transport digested food, nutrient molecules, excretory products and hormones
• helps maintain a steady body temperature by transferring heat around the system
• acts as a buffer to pH changes

Question 16

function fo erythrocytes

Answer 16

erythrocytes are 7 µm, and made in the bone marrow. Their function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to all the cells via haemoglobin

Question 17

what are the adaptations of erythrocytes

Answer 17

• biconcave shape: creates a large SA:V ratio, so oxygen can diffuse into and out of them rapidly
• no nucleus: leaves more space for haemoglobin to carry oxygen.

Question 18

where are leucocytes produced

Answer 18

mostly in the bone marrow, but some mature leucocytes are produced in the thymus gland

Question 19

what are the 2 types of leucocytes

Answer 19

granulocytes and agranulocytes

Question 20

what are some differences between granulocytes and agranulocytes

Answer 20

• granulocytes exist with granules, whilst agranulocytes exist without
• granulocytes have 4 lobes, whilst agranulocytes have 1 lobe

Question 21

What are the 3 types of granulocytes

Answer 21

• neutrophils
• eosinophils
• basophils

Question 22

what are 2 types of agranulocytes

Answer 22

• monocytes
• lymphocytes